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A single-atom-thick sheet of carbon known as graphene has remarkable properties on its own, but things can get even more interesting when you stack up multiple
Max Planck, one of the Twentieth Century’s most eminent physicists, observed, "An experiment is a question that science poses to Nature, and a measurement is
CODATA recommended values of the constants Database of references for data on the constants Publications: Reviews of Modern Physics ( 1998) ( 2002) ( 2006) ( 2010) ( 2014) Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data ( 1998) ( 2006) ( 2010) Resource Letter FC-1: The physics of fundamental
Patterning with light 13 nm brings a host a new challenges Light at 13 nm is well within the vacuum ultraviolet, where radiation is strongly absorbed by all materials. This requires that the technology take place in vacuum and rely on mirrors rather than lenses. Moreover generating sufficient
The primary degradation process in EUVL tools and satellite instruments begins by the adsorption of water or carbonaceous molecules from the vacuum environment onto the optic surface. The optic is damaged if the molecule undergoes photon-stimulated decomposition before it can (reversibly) thermally
S Norimoto, P See, N Schoinas, I Rungger, Tommy Boykin, Michael Stewart, J. P. Griffiths, C. Chen, D. A. Ritchie, M. Kataoka
Increasing electric current from a single-electron source is a main challenge in an effort to establish the standard of the ampere defined by the fixed value of
William Borders, Advait Madhavan, Matthew Daniels, Vasileia Georgiou, Martin Lueker-Boden, Tiffany Santos, Patrick Braganca, Mark Stiles, Jabez J. McClelland, Brian Hoskins
The increasing scale of neural networks needed to support more complex applications has led to an increasing requirement for area- and energy-efficient hardware
Albert Davydov, Yaw S. Obeng, Ndubuisi George Orji, Umberto Celano, Daniel Schmidt, Carlos Beitia
The international roadmap of devices and systems (IRDS) projects that 2D materials will be inserted into high-volume manufacturing as channel materials, mostly
An electron hologram is a fringe modulated image containing the amplitude and phase information of an electron transparent object. The HolograFREE routines
The NIST/DARPA EUV Reflectometry facility began in the late 1980's to make measurements of the reflectivity of EUV multilayer optics for lithography. Since then
Beamline 8 is used to study the degradation of surfaces that are irradiated by EUV radiation in the presence of common outgas species. Its multilayer mirror
Beamline 1 separates a swath of light from the synchrotron into two parts. The first part is collected in Beamline 1a by a normal-incidence multilayer mirror
Beamline 5 of the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility is a diagnostics end-station used to determine the transverse size of the stored electron beam. The