The Additive Manufacturing Metrology Testbed (AMMT) is an innovative, NIST-developed open research platform to measure the complex physical phenomena associated with metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes. NIST researchers use the AMMT to gain a better scientific understanding of these processes and to develop measurement science solutions for overcoming current challenges such as: the high degree of process variability; the lack of process qualification metrics; and the lack of fundamental data to support and improve process modeling efforts. The system incorporates optically optimized high-power laser delivery and melt pool imaging systems, a custom open control system, and innovative temperature metrology tools that provide world-class AM measurement capabilities. The AMMT measurement capabilities and resulting data have enabled improved AM process models, innovative monitoring and control solutions, and novel calibration tools, allowing manufacturers to dramatically improve the speed and reliability of AM process and product development.