Skip to main content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

REFERENCES

This page provides useful references, such as data reduction, among other information.

USEFUL FORMULAS

Max Q

Calculation

\(Q = \frac{2{\pi}sin(2\theta)}{\lambda}\)

\(2\theta\) = angle

\({\lambda}\) = wavelength

example:

\(Q = \frac{2{\pi}sin(5)}{7.5}\) = .073 Å-1

Opacity

Calculation

\(\frac{opacity(\lambda_1)}{\lambda_1}\) = \(\frac{opacity(\lambda_2)}{\lambda_2}\)

opacity = n\(\sigma\)l

This is given for a specific cell optimized for a given \({\lambda}\)

example:

Burgundy is a 5 Å cell

calc. opacity for 6 Å expt.

\(\frac{x}{6 Å}\) = \(\frac{3.138 Å}{5 Å}\)

x = 3.766 opacity

 

Created May 8, 2018, Updated March 1, 2023