Securing the Next Generation of Wireless Networks at CTL

Open Radio Access Network (Open RAN) technologies seek to transform radio access networks from single vendor closed solutions based on proprietary devices to a disaggregated network architecture of software components with open standardized interfaces. Open RAN will create a multi-vendor open market for interoperable RAN products, reduce barriers to entry for new suppliers, and spur innovation. Evolving to software-based components deployed in virtualized cloud infrastructures will enable next-generation wireless networks to intelligently reconfigure to optimize performance, reduce operating expenses, and increase resilience.

While Open RAN technologies offer great promise to transform the capabilities of next-generation wireless networks, the migration to multi-vendor disaggregated network functions deployed in virtualized computing environments significantly increases the security threats to such systems¹.  This, coupled with growing evidence of cyber-attacks that target wireless network infrastructure², makes it imperative that these new security challenges be adequately addressed such that Open RAN networks are more secure than today’s cellular networks.

The Communication Technology Laboratory (CTL) Advanced Security Architectures for Next Generation Wireless project works with the industry to significantly enhance emerging security standards and operational guidance for 5G/6G Open RAN and Core Network technologies.   Research into advanced security measures such as zero-trust architectures, security of AI-enabled RAN intelligent control, software supply chain security, and threat modeling are essential to mitigate potential risks and build trust in the Open RAN ecosystem.

Rigorous testing and validation are imperative to ensure these Open RAN systems meet stringent security and reliability requirements. CTL's efforts focus on designing, prototyping, and evaluating advanced security and resilience mechanisms and developing innovative testing methodologies and tools, including network emulation and dedicated testbeds like the Open Source Wireless Testbed and the 5G Coexistence Testbed.  The results of CTL’s research are shared with the industry through NIST’s publications, the release of open-source software tools, and direct engagement with consensus standards bodies such as the O-RAN Alliance, ATIS, and 3GPP.

Open RAN has the potential to reshape the cellular landscape, but its success depends on continued research and development, and CTL will be a leading voice as the technology moves forward. By focusing on key challenges such as security, resilience, and testing, research institutions like NIST CTL are laying the groundwork for a more open, innovative, and secure wireless future.

Find more information about the Open RAN research at NIST CTL online: https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/open-ran-research-nist 

¹  Open Radio Access Network Security Considerations 

² Top senator calls Salt Typhoon ‘worst telecom hack in our nation’s history’