The nominees are recognized for advancing the theory, computation, and measurement of light scattering and diffraction effects. These complex phenomena, despite their effect on the accuracy of light measurements, are often ignored in optical design due to the difficulty of calculating their magnitude. The group’s computer codes have made accurate light scattering and diffraction modeling widely available to the optics community. Their models and codes, validated by measurement, are used in missile defense, space-based sensing, NIST and commercial optical modeling software, and NIST standards.