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NIST Encasement Now Protecting 'America's Birth Certificate'

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NIST technician putting bolts into the map encasement

NIST technician Dana Strawbridge bolts the top frame of the map encasement to its base during a test sealing prior to shipping to the Library of Congress.

Credit: NIST

A hermetically sealed glass and aluminum encasement built by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) will protect the first world map to label the lands of the New World as "America" when the "Exploring the Early Americas" exhibition opens Dec. 13, 2007, at the Library of Congress (LOC) in Washington, D.C. The 40-square-foot, state-of-the-art display case is the new home for the 1507 Waldseemüller map, often called "America's birth certificate."

Protecting America's historic documents is not a new task for NIST. Twice before (1951 and 2003), the agency built encasements for the nation's Charters of Freedom—the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution and the Bill of Rights—housed at the National Archives. However the Waldseemüller map encasement, developed in partnership with the LOC, is six times larger than any of those cases. The new encasement's frame and base were machined from two solid pieces of aluminum donated by the Alcoa Company. It was sealed with a double sheet of thick, non-reflective laminated glass. The case includes valves for flushing out oxygen (which would chemically react and degrade the map's paper and ink) and replacing it with inert argon gas. It also includes sensitive monitoring devices to constantly measure internal environmental conditions.

During the manufacturing process, NIST specialists checked the strength of the glass to ensure it would not break during barometric or temperature changes and leak-tested the encasement to certify it would keep oxygen out for at least 20 years. NIST engineers also designed devices for raising and lowering the encasement for maintenance and display.

All of the components were shipped last month to the LOC where they were reassembled prior to the Waldseemüller map's encasement.

Dianne van der Reyden, LOC director for preservation, accepted the finished device, saying, "When it became time for us to design a case for our new national treasure, NIST was the obvious choice. We have a lot of respect for their engineers and their ingenuity, and we knew that they would be able to get this job done and get it done in time."

Mark E. Luce, leader of the 11-member NIST encasement team, said, "We at NIST are proud to have had the opportunity to use the skills we use everyday to make world class, unique instruments to preserve 'the birth certificate of America.'"

 

NIST Encasement Now Protecting "America's Birth Certificate"
NIST Encasement Now Protecting "America's Birth Certificate"

 

 

This sheet (bottom) from the lower left corner of the 12 that make up the Library of Congress Waldseemüller map
This sheet from the lower left corner of the 12 that make up the Library of Congress Waldseemüller map marks the first time the word "America" was used for the newly discovered lands. The full map also shows the outline of North and South America, as well as the Isthmus of Panama, and was the first to depict clearly a separate Western Hemisphere, with the Pacific as a separate ocean.
Credit: Library of Congress

 

This 1507 map shows the outline of North and South America, as well as the Isthmus of Panama
This map shows the outline of North and South America, as well as the Isthmus of Panama, and was the first to depict clearly a separate Western Hemisphere, with the Pacific as a separate ocean.
Credit: Library of Congress

 

Working on Waldseemüller Map Case
Retired NIST physicist Charles Tilford, a consultant to the Library of Congress, attaches apparatus to replace air in the encasement with inert argon gas to help preserve the map.
Credit: NIST

 

For more information on the Waldseemüller map and its new NIST-designed and manufactured home:

Editor's Note: B-roll video of these processes is available for the broadcast media.

Manufacturing
Released December 12, 2007, Updated January 31, 2023