NOTICE: Due to a lapse in annual appropriations, most of this website is not being updated. Learn more.

Form submissions will still be accepted but will not receive responses at this time. Sections of this site for programs using non-appropriated funds (such as NVLAP) or those that are excepted from the shutdown (such as CHIPS and NVD) will continue to be updated.

U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

PUBLICATIONS

Synthesis and characterization of isosorbide-based polyphosphonates as biobased flame-retardants.

Published

Author(s)

Mauro Zammarano, Timothy C. Mauldin, Jeffrey W. Gilman, John R. Shields, Dylan B. Timothy

Abstract

A new isosorbide-based polyphosphate was synthesized and applied as a flame-retardant for polylactic acid (PLA). The storage modulus and glass transition temperature of PLA is unaffected by the inclusion of polyphosphonate, but moderate depressions of PLA’s tensile strength (16 %, 28 %, and 45 % reduction from PLA at a polyphosphonate mass fraction of 5 %, 10 %, and 15 %, respectively) and strain-at-break (0 %, 17 %, and 30 % reduction from PLA at a polyphosphonate mass fraction of 5 %, 10 %, and 15 %, respectively) were observed. UL 94 flammability testing indicated that isosorbide- based polyphosphonates are effective flame retardants for PLA that are able to self-extinguish flames in less than 2 s and achieve V2 and V0 ratings at polyphosphonate mass fraction of 5 % and 15 %, respectively. Mechanisms for isosorbide-based polyphosphonate flame retardancy are discussed. Use of the biobased flame retardants described herein yields flame retardant PLA containing up to 97 % by mass of bio-derived content.
Citation
Polymer Chemistry
Volume
5
Pub Type
Journals

Download Paper

DOI Link

Keywords

Polylactid acid, biobased, flame retardants
Biomaterials, Materials flammability and Polymers

Citation

Zammarano, M. , Mauldin, T. , Gilman, J. , Shields, J. and Timothy, D. (2014), Synthesis and characterization of isosorbide-based polyphosphonates as biobased flame-retardants., Polymer Chemistry, [online], https://doi.org/10.1039/C4PY0 (Accessed October 13, 2025)

Issues

If you have any questions about this publication or are having problems accessing it, please contact [email protected].

Created June 2, 2014, Updated November 10, 2018
Was this page helpful?