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A bioluminescent single photon bioreactor for performing absolute quantification of light-producing activity by enzymes includes: a bioreactor that produces a bio-electronic signal; an electronic sensor that receives the bio-electronic signal and produces an electrical transduction signal; and an
Kevin L. Silverman
,
Carl D. Reintsema
,
Galen O'Neil
,
Luis Miaja Avila
,
Daniel Swetz
,
W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese
,
Dan Schmidt
,
Bradley Alpert
,
Joseph Fowler
,
Joel Ullom
and
Ralph Jimenez
This invention includes: an x-ray plasma source that produces primary x-rays; an x-ray optic that transmits and focuses the primary x-ray onto a sample jet from which fluorescence x-ray are emitted; and a microcalorimeter array detector that measures the energy of the incoming fluorescence x-rays