Premixed Rapid-Setting Calcium Phosphate Composites for Bone Repair

Published

January 1, 2005

Author(s)

Lisa E. Carey, Hockin D. Xu, Carl Simon Jr., Shozo Takagi, Laurence C. Chow

Abstract

Abstract (A-2000 character or less factual summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant bibliography or literature survey, cite it here. Spell out acronyms on first reference.) Although calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is promising for bone repair, its clinical use requires on site powder-liquid mixing and placement before the paste hardens. To shorten surgical time and improve graft properties, it is desirable to develop premixed CPC in which the paste remains stable during storage and hardens only after placement into the defect. The objective of this study was to develop premixed CPC that is capable of rapid setting when immersed in a physiological solution, and to investigate the physical properties and cell viability. Premixed CPCs were formulated via the following approach: Premixed CPC = CPC powder + nonaqueous liquid + gelling agent + hardening accelerator. Three premixed CPCs were thus developed: CPC-monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM), CPC-chitosan, and CPC-tartaric. Setting time for these new premixed CPCs ranged from 5.3 min to 7.9 min, significantly faster than 61.7 min for a premixed control CPC reported previously (p < 0.05). SEM examination revealedthe formation of nano-sized needle-like hydroxyapatite crystals after 1 d immersion and crystal growth after 7 d. Diametral tensile strength for premixed CPCs at 7 d ranged from 2.8 MPa to 6.4 MPa. These values were comparable to reported values for cancellous bone and sintered porous hydroxyapatite implants. Osteoblast cells attained a normal polygonal morphology on CPC-MCPM and CPC-chitosan with cytoplasmic extensions adhering to the nano-hydroxyapatite crystals. A quantitative enzymatic assay showed that while CPC-tartaric reduced cell viability, both CPC-MCPM and CPC-chitosan were as biocompatible as conventional CPC (biocompatible control). In summary, fast-setting premixed CPCs were developed to avoid the powder-liquid mixing in surgery. The premixed pastes hardened rapidly once immersed in a physiological solution and formed hydroxyapatite. The set cements had strengths matching those of cancellous bone and sintered porous hydroxyapatite and biocompatibility similar to conventional CPC.

Citation

Biomaterials

Volume

26

Pub Type

Journals

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Keywords

bone repair, cell culture, cytotoxicity, hydroxyapatite, premixed calcium phosphate cement, rapid setting, strength, Dentistry

Citation

Carey, L. , Xu, H. , Simon Jr., C. , Takagi, S. and Chow, L. (2005), Premixed Rapid-Setting Calcium Phosphate Composites for Bone Repair, Biomaterials, [online], https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=852423 (Accessed October 13, 2025)