Itano, W.
, Bergquist, J.
, Bollinger, J.
, Gilligan, J.
, Heinzen, D.
, Moore, F.
, Raizen, M.
and Wineland, D.
(1993),
Quantum Projection Noise: Population Fluctuations in 2-Level Systems, Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics), [online], https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=104953
(Accessed December 3, 2024)
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
Quantum Projection Noise: Population Fluctuations in 2-Level Systems
Published
Author(s)
, , , J M. Gilligan, D J. Heinzen, F L. Moore, M G. Raizen,
Abstract
Measurements of internal energy states of atomic ions confined in traps can be used to illustrate fundamental properties of quantum systems, because long relaxation times and observation times are available. In the experiments described here, a single ion or a few identical ions were prepared in well-defined superpositions of two internal energy eigenstates. The populations of the energy levels were then measured. For an individual ion, the outcome of the measurement is uncertain, unless the amplitude for one of the two eigenstates is zero, and is completely uncertain when the magnitudes of the two amplitudes are equal.Citation
Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics)
Volume
47
Pub Type
Journals
Download Paper
Citation
Issues
If you have any questions about this publication or are having problems accessing it, please contact reflib@nist.gov.
Created January 1, 1993, Updated February 17, 2017