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Displaying 501 - 525 of 882

Optical fiber-coupled cryogenic radiometer with carbon nanotube absorber

April 1, 2012
Author(s)
David J. Livigni, Nathan A. Tomlin, Christopher L. Cromer, John H. Lehman
A cryogenic radiometer was constructed for direct-substitution optical fiber power measurements. The cavity is intended to operate at the 3 K temperature stage of a dilution refrigerator or 4.2 K stage of a liquid cryostat. The optical fiber is removable

Modeling the effects of acid amplifiers on photoresist stochastics

March 23, 2012
Author(s)
Gregg M. Gallatin, Patrick Naulleau, Robert Brainard
The tradeoff between Resolution, Line Edge Roughness (LER) and Sensitivity, the so called RLS tradeoff, continues to be a difficult challenge, especially for EUV lithography. Acid amplifiers have recently been proposed as a method to improve upon the

Tumor Necrosis Factor Interaction with Gold Nanoparticles

March 14, 2012
Author(s)
De-Hao D. Tsai, Sherrie R. Elzey, Frank W. DelRio, Robert I. MacCuspie, Suvajyoti S. Guha, Michael R. Zachariah, Athena M. Keene, Jeffrey D. Clogston, Vincent A. Hackley
We report on a systematic investigation of molecular conjugation of tumor necrosis factor protein-α (TNF) onto gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and the subsequent binding behavior to its antibody (anti-TNF). We employ a combination of physical and spectroscopic

Electrospray – Differential Mobility Analysis as an Orthogonal Tool to Size Exclusion Chromatography for Characterization of Protein Aggregates

March 12, 2012
Author(s)
Suvajyoti S. Guha, Joshua R. Wayment, Michael J. Tarlov, Michael R. Zachariah
The biopharmaceutical industry characterizes and quantifies aggregation of protein therapeutics using multiple analytical techniques to cross validate results. Here we demonstrate the use of electrospray-differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA), a gas-phase

Graphing and Grafting Graphene: Classifying Finite Topological Defects

March 8, 2012
Author(s)
Eric J. Cockayne
The structure of finite-area topological defects in graphene is described in terms of both the direct honeycomb lattice and its dual triangular lattice. Such defects are equivalent to cutting out a patch of graphene and replacing it with a different patch

Characterizing Equilibrium in Epitaxial Growth

February 20, 2012
Author(s)
Paul N. Patrone, Russel Caflisch, Dionisios Margetis
Using a kinetic model of epitaxial growth, we describe how geometry controls kinetic pathways through which external deposition influences the state of a vicinal surface. The state of the surface is determined by three key, adjustable parameters: the local

Polymer Dynamics in Constrained Geometries

February 1, 2012
Author(s)
Christopher Soles, Ryan Nieuwendaal, Huagen H. Peng
The wide-spread interest in the dynamical property of organic materials under strong states of confinement largely began with differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurements in the early 90's of the glass transition and heat capacity of glass forming

Anisotropic surface-state-mediated RKKY interaction between adatoms

January 18, 2012
Author(s)
Paul N. Patrone, T L. Einstein
Motivated by recent numerical studies of Ag on Pt(111), we derive a far-field expression for the RKKY interaction mediated by surface states on a (111) FCC surface. The main contribution to the interaction comes from electrons whose Fermi velocity is

Does Shape Matter? Bioeffects of Gold Nanomaterials in a Human Skin Cell Model

January 13, 2012
Author(s)
Nicole M. Schaeublin, Laura K. Braydich-Stolle, Elizabeth I. Maurer, Kyoungweon Park, Robert I. MacCuspie, A R M N. Afrooz, Navid B. Saleh, R.A. Vaia, Saber Hussain
Gold nanomaterials (AuNMs) have distinctive electronic and optical properties, making them ideal candidates for biological, medical, and defense applications. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the potential biological impact of AuNMs before employing

Size Measurement of Nanoparticles Using Atomic Force Microscopy, ASTM E2859-11

January 2, 2012
Author(s)
Jaroslaw Grobelny, Frank W. DelRio, Pradeep Namboodiri, Doo-In Kim, Vincent A. Hackley, Robert F. Cook
The purpose of this document is to provide guidance on the quantitative application of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to determine the size of nanoparticles2 deposited in dry form on flat substrates using height (z-displacement) measurement. Unlike electron

Copper oxide nanoparticle mediated DNA damage in terrestrial plant models

December 22, 2011
Author(s)
Bryant C. Nelson, Donald H. Atha, Elijah J. Petersen, Huanhua Wang, Danielle Cleveland, Richard D. Holbrook, Pawel Jaruga, M Miral Dizdar, Baoshan Xing
Engineered nanoparticles, due to their unique electrical, mechanical and catalytic properties, are presently found in many commercial products and will be intentionally or inadvertently released at increasing concentrations into the natural environment

Nanometrology Using Through-Focus Scanning Optical Microscopy Method

December 21, 2011
Author(s)
Ravikiran Attota, Richard M. Silver
We present an initial review of a novel through-focus scanning optical microscopy (TSOM) imaging method that produces nanometer dimensional measurement sensitivity using a conventional bright-field optical microscope. In the TSOM method a target is scanned

Feedback Control of Optically Trapped Particles

December 17, 2011
Author(s)
Jason J. Gorman, Arvind K. Balijepalli, Thomas W. LeBrun
Optical trapping is a method for manipulating micro- and nanoscale particles that is widely used in biophysics and colloid science, among other areas. This method uses optical forces to confine the position of a particle to a localized region, which is

MOSFETs made from GaN nanowires with fully conformal cylindrical gates

December 2, 2011
Author(s)
Paul T. Blanchard, Kristine A. Bertness, Todd E. Harvey, Aric W. Sanders, Norman A. Sanford, Steven M. George, Dragos Seghete
We report novel metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) based on individual gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires with fully conformal cylindrical gates. The W/Al 2O 3 gates were deposited by atomic layer deposition. Reverse-bias breakdown

Nanofibers for RF and Beyond

December 1, 2011
Author(s)
Thomas M. Wallis, Kichul Kim, Pavel Kabos, Dejan Filipovic
In order to realize new interconnect concepts based on nanofibers, reliable metrology is required. Given the clock-speeds of integrated circuits in the present as well as the foreseeable future, this metrology must be compatible with radio frequencies (RF)

Spectral Line-by-Line Pulse Shaping of On-Chip Microresonator Frequency Combs

December 1, 2011
Author(s)
Fahmida Ferdous, Houxun H. Miao, Daniel E. Leaird, Kartik Srinivasan, Jian Wang, Lei Chen, Leo T. Varghese, Andrew M. Weiner
We report, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, spectral phase characterization and line-by-line pulse shaping of an optical frequency comb generated by nonlinear wave mixing in a micro-ring resonator. The comb is compressed to a train of near
Displaying 501 - 525 of 882