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Search Publications by: George Mulholland (Assoc)

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Displaying 76 - 100 of 104

Carbon Monoxide and Soot Formation in Inverse Diffusion Flames.

May 1, 1999
Author(s)
L G. Blevins, George W. Mulholland, R W. Davis
The objective of this project is to study carbon monoxide (CO) and soot formation in laminar, inverse diffusion flames (IDFs). The IDF is used because it is a special case of underventilated combustion. The microgravity environment is crucial for this

Measurement of the 100 nm NIST SRM 1963 by Differential Mobility Analysis

January 1, 1999
Author(s)
George W. Mulholland, Nelson P. Bryner, C M. Croarkin
The number mean diameter of 100 nm NTST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1963 was measured to be 100.7 nm with an expanded uncertainty at the 95% confidence level of 1.0 nm by measurement with the differential mobility analyzer (DMA). The low level of

Polarization of Light Scattered by Particles on Silicon Wafers

January 1, 1999
Author(s)
Li Piin Sung, George W. Mulholland, Thomas Germer
Bidirectional ellipsometry has been developed as a technique for distinguishing among various scattering features near surfaces.Employi Employing incident light with fixed polarization, the technique measures the principal angle of polarization and the

Selection of Calibration Particles for Scanning Surface Inspection Systems

August 8, 1996
Author(s)
George W. Mulholland, Nelson P. Bryner, Walter S. Liggett Jr, B W. Scheer, R. K. Goodall
In response to the semiconductor industry's need for both smaller calibration particles and more accurately sized larger particles, a joint SEMATECH, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and VLSI Standards, Inc. project was initiated to

Comparison of Submicron Particle Analysis by Auger Electron Spectroscopy, Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, and Secondary Electron Microscopy With Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy.

July 31, 1996
Author(s)
George W. Mulholland, K D. Childs, D Narum, L A. LaVanier, P M. Lindley, B W. Schueler, A C. Diebold
Particulate contamination can result in a significant yield loss during semiconductor device fabrication. As device design rule dimensions decrease the critical defect size also decreases, resulting in the need to analyze smaller defects. Current

Real-Time Suppressant Concentration Measurement (NIST SP 890)

November 1, 1995
Author(s)
William M. Pitts, George W. Mulholland, B D. Breuel, Erik L. Johnsson, S Chung, Richard H. Harris Jr., D E. Hess
The development and testing of two approaches for recording real-time measurements (millisecond time resolution) of concentration for halon alternatives are summarized. Discussions of the background necessary to understand their operation is included. The

Experimental Study of the Optical Properties of Soot and Smoke (NISTIR 5499)

September 1, 1994
Author(s)
M Y. Choi, George W. Mulholland, Anthony Hamins, Takashi Kashiwagi
The accurate measurement of flame-generated particlates is a problem of current interest to researchers in the fire and combustion community. Within the flame, the soot concentration measurement is central to the study of soot growth and for radiant

Human Exposure and Environmental Impact

April 1, 1994
Author(s)
E Braun, Richard D. Peacock, Glenn P. Forney, George W. Mulholland, Barbara C. Levin
Although these agents are typically employed in unoccupied sections of an aircraft, the possibility of human exposure still exists during handling, storage, and transport. Thus, it is important to know if the accidental release of the 12 agents in areas of

Comparison of a Fractal Smoke Optics Model With Light Extinction Measurements

January 1, 1994
Author(s)
R A. Dobbins, George W. Mulholland, Nelson P. Bryner
Optical cross-sections of carbonaceous aggregates (smoke) formed by combustion sources have been computed based on fractal concepts. Specific extinction depends upon the primary particle size, the structure of the aggregate as represented by the fractal

Radiometric Model of the Transmission Cell-Reciprocal Nephelometer

January 1, 1994
Author(s)
George W. Mulholland, Nelson P. Bryner
A radiometric model has been developed to assess the effects of angular truncation, finite size of the detector, and angle response characteristics of the cosine sensor on the measurement of the total scattering coefficient by a transmission cell

Ultrafine Combustion Aerosol Generator

January 1, 1992
Author(s)
Thomas G. Cleary, George W. Mulholland, Lewis K. Ives, Robert A. Fletcher, J. W. Gentry
We are able to produce a narrowly distributed combustion aerosol with a mean particle size of about 10 nm by operating a laminar diffusion burner with acetylene fuel in the nominal "presooting" condition. Number concentrations of approximately 106

Analysis of Smoke Samples From Oil Well Fires in Kuwait. Report of Test (FR 3985)

June 20, 1991
Author(s)
George W. Mulholland, Bruce A. Benner Jr, Robert A. Fletcher, Eric B. Steel, Stephen A. Wise, Willie E. May, Daniel M. Madrzykowski, David J. Evans
This report describes results from a preliminary series of measurements concerning the smoke production from the Kuwait oil well fires. Detailed chemical analysis of the smoke is being carried out for determination of the fraction of ambient aerosol

Smoke Emission and Burning Rates for Urban Structures

January 1, 1991
Author(s)
Nelson P. Bryner, George W. Mulholland
Cribs, ordered arrays of sticks, were burned to mimic post-nuclear building fires. As the packing density of the cribs was increased to simulate blast damage, the smoke yield increased and the smoke changed from strongly light absorbing to whitish in color

Laboratory Studies of Smoke Properties at NIST Past, Present, and Future

November 1, 1990
Author(s)
George W. Mulholland, Nelson P. Bryner
Burn facilities have been developed at NIST to measure the yield and optical properties of smoke at two fire scales. The small scale apparatus is used for burning samples about 10 cm in diameter (soup bowl size) and an intermediate scale apparatus is used

Combustion of Oil on Water.

November 1, 1987
Author(s)
Howard R. Baum, George W. Mulholland, D D. Evans, B J. McCaffrey, M F. Harkleroad, W F. Manders
This report contains the results of measurements performed on both 0.4 m and 0.6 m diameter pool fires produced by burning a layer of Prudhoe Bay crude oil supported by a thermally deep layer of water. Both steady and vigorous burning caused by boiling of