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Search Publications by: Kathryn Butler (Assoc)

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Displaying 76 - 100 of 122

Thermal and Flammability Properties of Polypropylene/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites

May 1, 2004
Author(s)
Takashi Kashiwagi, E A. Grulke, J N. Hilding, Richard H. Harris Jr., John R. Shields, Kathryn M. Butler, K M. Groth, S B. Kharchenko, Jack F. Douglas
The thermal and flammability properties of polypropylene/multi-walled carbon nanotube, (PP/MWNT) nanocomposites were measured with the MWNT content varied from 0.5 % to 4 % by mass. Dispersion of MWNTs in these nanocomposites was characterized by SEM and

Generation and Transport of Smoke Components

April 1, 2004
Author(s)
Kathryn M. Butler, George W. Mulholland
Smoke is a mixture of gases and suspended particulate matter, or aerosols. The nature of the aerosol component of smoke can play a significant role in the lethal and sublethal effects on people. This paper presents the current state of knowledge about

Generation and Transport of Smoke Components.

April 1, 2004
Author(s)
Kathryn M. Butler, George W. Mulholland
Smoke is a mixture of gases and suspended particulate matter, or aerosols. The nature of the aerosol component of smoke can play a significant role in the lethal and sublethal effects on people. This paper presents the current state of knowledge about

Numerical Model of Bubbling Thermoplastics. (Abstract/Presentation)

December 1, 2003
Author(s)
Kathryn M. Butler
Thermoplastic materials such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polystyrene (PS) are widely used in household furnishings, and therefore constitute a large fraction of the fuel load during a fire. The combustible gases generated during polymer

International Study of the Sublethal Effects of Fire Smoke on Survivability and Health (SEFS): Phase 1. Final Report (NIST TN 1439)

August 1, 2001
Author(s)
Richard G. Gann, Jason D. Averill, Kathryn M. Butler, Walter W. Jones, George W. Mulholland, J L. Neviaser, Thomas J. Ohlemiller, Richard D. Peacock, Paul A. Reneke, J R. Hall
Fire smoke toxicity has been a recurring theme for fire safety professionals for over four decades. There especially continue to be difficulty and controversy in assessing and addressing the contribution of the sublethal effects of smoke in hazard and risk

Sublethal Effects of Smoke on Survival and Health

March 26, 2001
Author(s)
Richard G. Gann, Jason D. Averill, Kathryn M. Butler, Walter W. Jones, George W. Mulholland, J L. Neviaser, Thomas J. Ohlemiller, Richard D. Peacock, Paul A. Reneke, J R. Hall

Fire Safe Materials Project at NIST (NISTIR 6588)

November 1, 2000
Author(s)
Takashi Kashiwagi, Kathryn M. Butler, Jeffrey W. Gilman
The results of two studies, which are parts of Fire Safe Materials Project at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), are presented. One of them is a study of the effects on gasification rates of the addition of silica particles to

Flame Retardant Mechanism of Silica Gel/Silica

November 1, 2000
Author(s)
Takashi Kashiwagi, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Kathryn M. Butler, Richard H. Harris Jr., John R. Shields, A Asano
Various types of silica, silica gel, fumed silicas and fused silica were added to polypropylene and polyethylene oxide to determine their flame retardant effectiveness and mechanisms. Polypropylene was chosen as a non-char-forming thermoplastic and

Exploring the Role of Polymer Melt Viscosity in Melt Flow and Flammability Behavior

October 15, 2000
Author(s)
Thomas J. Ohlemiller, John R. Shields, Kathryn M. Butler, Belinda L. Collins, Momar D. Seck
Thermoplastic polymers are widely used in roles where molding facilitates cost effective, high volume applications. Such polymers exhibit uniquely complex behavior in a fire because of their tendency to liquefy and flow. This behavior was explored in two

Influence of Polymer Melt Behavior on Flammability (NISTIR 6588)

March 1, 2000
Author(s)
Thomas J. Ohlemiller, Kathryn M. Butler
As the initial step in a study of the role of polymer melt viscosity in polymer burning behavior, a simpler, non-burning configuration has been examined. Vertical slabs of two types of polypropylene have been subjected to uniform radiative heating on one