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Search Publications by: Stephan Schlamminger (Fed)

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Displaying 1 - 25 of 85

A digital four-arm bridge for the comparison of resistance with capacitance

September 11, 2024
Author(s)
Yicheng Wang, Stephan Schlamminger
A digital four-arm bridge for the comparison of resistance with capacitance has been designed and demonstrated. The digital bridge mimics the classical quad bridge in the digital domain with three balances: the source balance, the detector balance, as well

Redetermination of the Gravitational Constant using the BIPM Torsion Balance

July 8, 2024
Author(s)
Stephan Schlamminger, Leon Chao, David B. Newell, Vincent Lee, Clive Speake
For the past several years, we have been using the torsion balance developed at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) to measure the gravitational constant $G$. The most notable feature of the apparatus is that it allows the measurement of

Flexures for Kibble balances: Minimizing the effects of anelastic relaxation

July 1, 2024
Author(s)
Lorenz Keck, Stephan Schlamminger, Rene Theska, Frank Seifert, Darine El Haddad
Modern weighing cells would not be possible without flexure technology. Flexures are thin metal strips that form pivots, and they can be engineered to bend in a prescribed fashion, producing a desired restoring torque. In contrast to other pivots, flexures

Four terminal-pair measurements of ceramic capacitors

June 28, 2024
Author(s)
Stephan Schlamminger, Yicheng Wang, Andrew Koffman, Jordan Love
Expanding on our previous work on four terminal-pair air capacitors, we present a model for the frequency-dependent capacitance of ceramic capacitors for values ranging from 10 nF to 10 uF. Two measurements are necessary for the complete model. First, the

Comparison of a 1 nF Capacitor with a 1 kO Resistor Using a Digital Impedance Bridge

March 27, 2024
Author(s)
Yicheng Wang, Stephan Schlamminger, Dean G. Jarrett, Alireza Panna, Andrew D. Koffman
This paper reports our effort to improve a digital impedance bridge. The limit of the bridge resolution and stability is less than 3 parts in 10^9 for the nominal 1:1 impedance comparison of two 100 pF capacitors. The type-A uncertainty for comparison of a

Application of Electrical Standards to Torque Realization: A Device to Measure up to 1Nm

February 14, 2024
Author(s)
Zane Comden, Stephan Schlamminger, Frank Seifert, David B. Newell, Leon Chao
This paper describes the next generation prototype of the Electronic NIST Torque Realizer (ENTR) project. The first prototype version (ENTR-v1) has been able to realize low-range torques (on the order of 1×10-3 Nm) to uncertainties of less than 1000 parts

Measuring the frequency of a pendulum

November 13, 2023
Author(s)
Jon R. Pratt, Stephan Schlamminger, Charles Condos, Jack Manley, Dalziel Wilson
We previously reported the use of a chip-scale torsion pendulum as a clock gravimeter, exploiting the parametric coupling of its frequency to the local acceleration of gravity and demonstrating micro-g resolution with a silicon nitride prototype. Here, we

The design and performance of an electronic torque standard directly traceable to the revised SI

May 25, 2023
Author(s)
Zane Comden, John-Edward Draganov, Stephan Schlamminger, Frank Seifert, Charles Waduwarage Perera, David B. Newell, Leon Chao
The United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been developing a new device for primary standard realization of torque utilizing established trace- ability to the quantum-electrical International System of Units (SI) standards

Using the Kibble Principle for One-Step Traceability for Mass, Force, and Torque

May 8, 2023
Author(s)
Stephan Schlamminger, Leon Chao, Zane Comden, John-Edward Draganov, Thapelo Given Mametja
Many technologies contributed to the 2019 revision of the international system of units. Notable is a mechanical apparatus, the Kibble balance. It allows the precise comparison of electrical power to mechanical power with relative uncertainties close to 1

New Method for Determining Time Constant of Resistors

March 21, 2023
Author(s)
Yicheng Wang, Dean G. Jarrett, Andrew D. Koffman, Stephan Schlamminger
We report a new method for determining the time constant of ac resistors with values around 10 kΩ, using a digital impedance bridge for comparison of two nominally equal resistors. The method involves adding a probing capacitor in parallel to one of the

Determination of the Gravitational Constant Using a BIPM Balance

December 12, 2022
Author(s)
Stephan Schlamminger, Leon Chao, Vincent Lee, David B. Newell, Clive Speake
With the torsion balance developed at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), the Newtonian constant of gravitation, $G$, can be measured with two methods. In the Cavendish method, the external gravitational torque is obtained from the

A Macroscopic Mass From Quantum Behavior In An Integrated Approach

December 10, 2022
Author(s)
Frank Seifert, Alireza Panna, Lorenz Keck, Leon Chao, Shamith Payagala, Dean G. Jarrett, Dipanjan Saha, Randolph Elmquist, Stephan Schlamminger, Albert Rigosi, David B. Newell, Darine El Haddad
The revision of the International System of Units (SI) on May 20th, 2019, has enabled new improved experiments to consolidate and simplify electrical and mechanical metrology currently underway. Historically within the SI, the definition of energy was only

DIMENSIONAL METROLOGY IN DETERMINATION OF G WITH BIPM'S TORSION BALANCE

November 7, 2022
Author(s)
Vincent Lee, Stephan Schlamminger, Leon Chao, David B. Newell, Jon Pratt, Craig Shakarji, Clive Speake
This paper discusses the dimensional metrology challenges encountered while performing G measurements using the BIPM torsion balance and our solutions.

Calculation of magnetic forces and torques on the Kibble coil

October 22, 2022
Author(s)
Stephan Schlamminger, Lorenz Keck, Frank Seifert, Leon Chao, Darine El Haddad, Shisong Li
Analytically the force and torques on a coil in a field of magnetic flux density can be calculated one of two ways. The line integral can be conducted along the coil's wire, summing up the differential force contribution. For each differential line segment

Precision Engineering For Gravitational Experiments

October 10, 2022
Author(s)
Stephan Schlamminger, Leon Chao, Vincent Lee, David B. Newell, Jon Pratt, Clive Speake
Four fundamental forces, or technically more correct interactions, are known in physics. The gravitational force is one of them and is a mysterious one. Gravity has an infinite range, just like the electromagnetic interaction. However, in contrast to

The kilogram: inertial or gravitational mass?

August 5, 2022
Author(s)
Stephan Schlamminger, Giovanni Mana
The redefinition of the international system of units fixes the values of the unperturbed ground state hyperfine transition frequency of the $^133}$Cs atom, speed of light in vacuum, and Planck constant. Therefore, differently from the past, the kilogram

Magnetic Uncertainties for Compact Kibble Balances: An Investigation

July 18, 2022
Author(s)
Shisong Li, Stephan Schlamminger
The Kibble balance has become one of the major instruments for realizing the mass unit, the kilogram, in the revised international system of units (SI). Researchers at about a dozen national metrology institutes are actively working with Kibble balances

Design of an electrostatic feedback for an experiment to measure G

June 20, 2022
Author(s)
Stephan Schlamminger, Leon Chao, Vincent Lee, David B. Newell, Clive Speake
The torsion pendulum at the heart of the BIPM apparatus to measure the gravitational constant, $G$, is used to measure the gravitational torque between source and test-mass assemblies with two methods. In the Cavendish method, the pendulum moves freely. In

A New Spin on Kibble: A Self Calibrating Torque Realization Device at NIST

June 3, 2022
Author(s)
Zane Comden, Stephan Schlamminger, Charles Waduwarage Perera, Frank Seifert, David B. Newell, Jay H. Hendricks, Barbara L. Goldstein, Leon Chao
After the 2019 redefinition of the International System of Units (SI), torque no longer needs to be traceable to a calibrated weight suspended from a known lever arm. Specifically, a modification of the Kibble principle used for realizing the kilogram

The irony of the magnet system for Kibble balances -- a review

March 1, 2022
Author(s)
Stephan Schlamminger, Shisong Lo
The magnet system is an essential component in the Kibble balance, supplying the magnetic flux that plays a vital role as the geometric factor $Bl$. Ironically, the $Bl$ factor cancels out and does not appear in the final Kibble equation. Nevertheless