September 1, 2013
Author(s)
Robert L. Amaro, Jeffrey W. Sowards, Elizabeth S. Drexler, Joseph D. McColskey, Christopher N. McCowan
Crack tip opening angle (CTOA) is used to rank the relative resistance to crack extension of various pipeline steels. In general, the smaller the CTOA value, the lower the resistance to crack extension. It is unclear, however, whether CTOA is a material