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Search Publications by: Joseph Fowler (Assoc)

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Displaying 1 - 25 of 57

Spectroscopic Measurements and Models of Energy Deposition in the Substrate of Quantum Circuits by Natural Ionizing Radiation

November 12, 2024
Author(s)
Joseph Fowler, Paul Szypryt, Raymond Bunker, Ellen Edwards, Ian Fogarty Florang, JIANSONG GAO, Shannon Hoogerheide, Ben Loer, Hans Mumm, Nathan Nakamura, John Orrell, Elizabeth M. Scott, Jason Stevens, Daniel Swetz, Brent VanDevender, Michael Vissers, Joel Ullom
Naturally occurring background radiation is a potential source of correlated decoherence events in superconducting qubits that will challenge error-correction schemes. In order to characterize the radiation environment in an unshielded laboratory

Few-electron highly charged muonic Ar atoms verified by electronic K xrays

July 10, 2024
Author(s)
Takuma Okumura, Toshiyuki Azuma, Douglas Bennett, W. Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Malcolm Durkin, Joseph Fowler, Johnathon Gard, Tadashi Hashimoto, Ryota Hayakawa, Yuto Ichinohe, Paul Indelicato, Tadaaki Isobe, Sohtaro Kanda, Daiji Kato, Miho Katsuragawa, Naritoshi Kawamura, Yasushi Kino, Nao Kominato, Yasuhiro Miyake, Kelsey Morgan, Hirofumi Noda, Galen O'Neil, Shinji Okada, Kenichi Okutsu, Nancy Paul, Carl D. Reintsema, Toshiki Sato, Dan Schmidt, Kouichiro Shimomura, Patrick Strasser, Daniel Swetz, Tadayuki Takahashi, Shinichiro Takeda, Soshi Takeshita, Motonobu Tampo, Hideyuki Tatsuno, Tong Xiao-Min, Joel Ullom, Shin Watanabe, Shinya Yamada, Takuma Yamashita
Electronic K x rays emitted by muonic Ar atoms in the gas phase were observed using a superconducting transition-edge-sensor microcalorimeter. The high-precision energy spectra provided a clear signature of the presence of muonic atoms accompanied by a few

Nanoscale Three-Dimensional Imaging of Integrated Circuits Using a Scanning Electron Microscope and Transition-Edge Sensor Spectrometer

April 30, 2024
Author(s)
Nathan Nakamura, Paul Szypryt, Amber Dagel, Bradley Alpert, Douglas Bennett, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Malcolm Durkin, Joseph Fowler, Dylan Fox, Johnathon Gard, Ryan Goodner, James Zachariah Harris, Gene C. Hilton, Edward Jimenez, Burke Kernen, Kurt Larson, Zachary H. Levine, Daniel McArthur, Kelsey Morgan, Galen O'Neil, Christine Pappas, Carl D. Reintsema, Dan Schmidt, Peter Schulz, Daniel Swetz, Kyle Thompson, Joel Ullom, Leila R. Vale, Courtenay Vaughan, Christopher Walker, Joel Weber, Jason Wheeler
X-ray nanotomography is a powerful tool for the characterization of nanoscale materials and structures, but it is difficult to implement due to the competing requirements of X-ray flux and spot size. Due to this constraint, state-of-the-art nanotomography

Superconducting X-ray Sensors for Tomography of Microelectronics

November 1, 2023
Author(s)
Joseph Fowler, Zachary H. Levine, Paul Szypryt, Daniel Swetz
Tomographic imaging of integrated circuits at scales smaller than 1 micrometer is a challenging x-ray measurement. We describe a research instrument based upon superconducting x-ray microcalorimeters, which help to discriminate among materials in a sample

A tabletop x-ray tomography instrument for nanometer-scale imaging: demonstration of the 1,000-element transition-edge sensor subarray

August 1, 2023
Author(s)
Paul Szypryt, Nathan J. Nakamura, Dan Becker, Douglas Bennett, Amber L. Dagel, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Joseph Fowler, Johnathon Gard, J. Zachariah Harris, Gene C. Hilton, Jozsef Imrek, Edward S. Jimenez, Kurt W. Larson, Zachary H. Levine, John Mates, Daniel McArthur, Luis Miaja Avila, Kelsey Morgan, Galen O'Neil, Nathan Ortiz, Christine G. Pappas, Dan Schmidt, Kyle R. Thompson, Joel Ullom, Leila R. Vale, Michael Vissers, Christopher Walker, Joel Weber, Abigail Wessels, Jason W. Wheeler, Daniel Swetz
We report on the 1,000-element transition-edge sensor (TES) x-ray spectrometer implementation of the TOMographic Circuit Analysis Tool (TOMCAT). TOMCAT combines a high spatial resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) with a highly efficient and

Proof-of-Principle Experiment for Testing Strong-Field Quantum Electrodynamics with Exotic Atoms: High Precision X-Ray Spectroscopy of Muonic Neon

April 27, 2023
Author(s)
Douglas Bennett, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Malcolm Durkin, Joseph Fowler, Johnathon Gard, Gene C. Hilton, Kelsey Morgan, Galen O'Neil, Carl D. Reintsema, Dan Schmidt, Daniel Swetz, Joel Ullom, Takuma Okumura
To test the bound-state quantum electrodynamics (BSQED), we have performed high precision x- ray spectroscopy of the 5g→4f and 5f→4d transitions (BSQED contribution of 2.4 eV and 5.2 eV, respectively) of muonic neons in the low-pressure gas phase under the

A Tabletop X-Ray Tomography Instrument for Nanometer-Scale Imaging: Reconstructions

April 14, 2023
Author(s)
Zachary H. Levine, Bradley Alpert, Amber Dagel, Joseph Fowler, Edward Jiminez, Nathan J. Nakamura, Daniel Swetz, Paul Szypryt, Kyle Thompson, Joel Ullom
We show three-dimensional reconstructions of a region of an integrated circuit from a 130 nm copper process. The reconstructions employ x-ray computed tomography, measured with a new and innovative high-magnification x-ray microscope. The instrument uses a

Measurements of Strong-Interaction Effects in Kaonic-Helium Isotopes at sub-eV Precision with x-ray microcalorimeters

March 18, 2022
Author(s)
Tadashi Hashimoto, S Aikawa, T. Akaishi, M Bazzi, Douglas Bennett, M Berger, D Bosnar, A. D. Butt, C. Curceanu, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Malcolm Durkin, Y Ezoe, Joseph Fowler, H. Fujioka, Johnathon Gard, C Guaraldo, F.P. Gustafsson, C. Han, R Hayakawa, R. S. Hayano, T Hayashi, J. Hays-Wehle, Gene C. Hilton, T Hiraiwa, M Hiromoto, Y Ichinoge, M Iio, Y Iizawa, M Iliescu, S Ishimoto, Y Ishisaki, K Itahashi, M Iwasaki, Y Ma, T Murakami, T Nishi, H Noda, K Nomura, H Noumi, K Ooi, H Outa, K Piscicchia, Carl D. Reintsema, Y Sada, S Okada, Galen O'Neil, Dan Schmidt, Daniel Swetz, Joel Ullom, S Yamada, J Uhlig
We have measured the 3 d→ 2 p transition x rays of kaonic He 3 and He 4 atoms using superconducting transition-edge-sensor microcalorimeters with an energy resolution better than 6 eV (FWHM). We determined the energies to be 6224.5±0.4 (stat)±0.2 (syst) eV

Design of a 3000 pixel transition-edge sensor x-ray spectrometer for microcircuit tomography

August 1, 2021
Author(s)
Paul Szypryt, Douglas Bennett, William J. Boone, Amber L. Dagel, G Dalton, William Doriese, Malcolm Durkin, Joseph Fowler, Edward Garboczi, Jonathon D. Gard, Gene Hilton, Jozsef Imrek, E S. Jimenez, Vincent Y. Kotsubo, K Larson, Zachary H. Levine, John Mates, D McArthur, Kelsey Morgan, Nathan J. Nakamura, Galen O'Neil, Nathan Ortiz, Christine G. Pappas, Carl Reintsema, Dan Schmidt, Daniel Swetz, K R. Thompson, Joel Ullom, C Walker, Joel C. Weber, Abigail Wessels, J W. Wheeler
Feature sizes in integrated circuits have decreased substantially over time, and it has become increasingly difficult to three-dimensionally image these complex circuits after fabrication. This can be important for process development, defect analysis, and

De-excitation dynamics of muonic atoms revealed by high precision spectroscopy of electronic K x rays using a superconducting transition-edge sensor microcalorimeter

July 27, 2021
Author(s)
Douglas Bennett, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Malcolm Durkin, Joseph Fowler, Johnathon Gard, Gene C. Hilton, Kelsey Morgan, Galen O'Neil, Carl D. Reintsema, Dan Schmidt, Daniel Swetz, Joel Ullom, Toshiyuki Azuma, Pietro Caradonna, I-Huan Chiu, Tadashi Hashimoto, Ryota Hayakawa, Yuto Ichinohe, Paul Indelicato, TadaAki Isobe, Sohtaro Kanda, Daiji Kato, Miho Katsuragawa, Naritoshi Kawamura, Yasushi Kino, Kenya Kubo, Kairi Mine, Yasuhiro Miyake, Kazuhiko Ninomiya, Hirofumi Noda, Shinji Okada, Takuma Okumura, Kenichi Okutsu, Takahito Osawa, Nancy Paul, Kouichiro Shimomura, Patrick Strasser, Hirotaka Suda, Tadayuki Takahashi, Shinichiro Takeda, Soshi Takeshita, Motonobu Tampo, Hideyuki Tatsuno, XiaoMin Tong, Yasuhiro Ueno, Shin Watanabe, Shinya Yamada
We observed electronic K x rays emitted from muonic iron atoms using a superconducting transition-edge-type sensor microcalorimeter. The energy resolution of 5.2 eV in FWHM allowed us to observe the asymmetric broad profile of the electronic characteristic

Mitigating finite bandwidth effects in time-division- multiplexed SQUID readout of TES arrays

March 11, 2021
Author(s)
Malcolm Durkin, Joseph S. Adams, Simon Bandler, James A. Chervenak, Ed Denison, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Shannon Duff, Fred M. Finkbeiner, Joseph Fowler, Johnathon Gard, Gene C. Hilton, Ruslan Hummatov, Kent Irwin, Young I. Joe, Richard L. Kelley, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Antoine R. Miniussi, Kelsey Morgan, Galen O'Neil, Christine Pappas, Frederick S. Porter, Carl D. Reintsema, Kazuhiro Sakai, Stephen J. Smith, Robert W. Stevens, Daniel Swetz, Paul Szypryt, Joel Ullom, Leila R. Vale, Nicholas A. Wakeham
Time division multiplexing (TDM) is being developed as the readout technology of the X-ray integral field unit (X-IFU), a 3,168-pixel X-ray transition-edge sensor (TES) imaging spectrometer that is part of the European Space Agency's Athena satellite

Absolute energies and emission line shapes of the x-ray lines of lanthanide metals

February 1, 2021
Author(s)
Joseph Fowler, Galen O'Neil, Bradley K. Alpert, Douglas Bennett, Edward V. Denison, William Doriese, Gene Hilton, Lawrence T. Hudson, Young I. Joe, Kelsey Morgan, Daniel Schmidt, Daniel Swetz, Csilla I. Szabo-Foster, Joel Ullom
We use an array of transition-edge sensors, cryogenic microcalorimeters with 4 eV energy resolution, to measure the x-ray emission-line profiles of four elements of the lanthanide series: praseodymium, neodymium, terbium, and holmium. The spectrometer also

Broadband high-energy resolution hard x-ray spectroscopy using transition edge sensors at SPring-8

January 12, 2021
Author(s)
Shinya Yamada, Yuto Ichinohe, Hideyuki Tatsuno, Ryota Hayakawa, Hirotaka Suda, Takaya Ohashi, Yoshitaka Ishisaki, Tomoya Uruga, Oki Sekizawa, Kiyofumi Nitta, Yoshio Takahashi, Takaaki Itai, Hiroki Suga, Makoto Nagasawa, Masato Tanaka, Minako Kurisu, Tadashi Hashimoto, Douglas Bennett, Edward V. Denison, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Malcolm Durkin, Joseph Fowler, Galen O'Neil, Kelsey Morgan, Dan Schmidt, Daniel Swetz, Joel Ullom, Leila R. Vale, Shinji Okada, Takuma Okumura, Toshiyuki Azuma, Toru Tamagawa, Tadaaki Isobe, Satoshi Kohjiro, Hirofumi Noda, Keigo Tanaka, Akimichi Taguchi, Yuki Imai, Kosuke Sato, Tasuku Hayashi, Teruhiko Kashiwabara, Kohei Sakata
We have succeeded in operating a transition-edge sensor (TES) spectrometer and evaluating its performance at the SPring-8 synchrotron x-ray light source. The TES spectrometer consists of a 240 pixel National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) TES

Measurement of the 2P1/2-2P3/2 fine structure splitting in fluorine-like Kr, W, Re, Os and Ir

September 2, 2020
Author(s)
Galen O'Neil, Samuel C. Sanders, Paul Szypryt, Dipti Goyal, Amy Gall, Yang Yang, Samuel M. Brewer, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Joseph Fowler, Daniel Swetz, Joseph N. Tan, Joel Ullom, Andrey V. Volotka, Endre Takacs, Yuri Ralchenko
Quantum electrodynamics (QED) is currently considered to be one of the most accurate theories of fundamental interactions. As its extraordinary precision offers unique scientific opportunities, e.g., search for new physics, stringent experimental tests of

A transition-edge sensor-based x-ray spectrometer for the study of highly charged ions at the National Institute of Standards and Technology electron beam ion trap

December 16, 2019
Author(s)
Paul Szypryt, Galen C. O'Neil, Endre Takacs, Joseph N. Tan, Sean W. Buechele, Aung Naing, Douglas A. Bennett, William B. Doriese, Malcolm S. Durkin, Joseph W. Fowler, Johnathon D. Gard, Gene C. Hilton, Kelsey M. Morgan, Carl D. Reintsema, Daniel R. Schmidt, Daniel S. Swetz, Joel N. Ullom, Yuri Ralchenko
We report on the design, commissioning, and initial measurements of a Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) x-ray spectrometer for the Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Over the past few decades, the NIST

A Robust Principal Component Analysis for Outlier Identification in Messy Microcalorimeter Data

November 12, 2019
Author(s)
Joseph W. Fowler, Bradley K. Alpert, Young I. Joe, Galen C. O'Neil, Daniel S. Swetz, Joel N. Ullom
A principal component analysis (PCA) of clean microcalorimeter pulse records can be a first step beyond statistically optimal linear filtering of pulses toward a fully nonlinear analysis. For PCA to be practical on spectrometers with hundreds of sensors

Soft X-ray spectroscopy with transition-edge sensors at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource beamline 10-1

November 5, 2019
Author(s)
Sang-Jun Lee, Charles Titus, Roberto A. Mori, Michael Baker, Douglas Bennett, Hsiao-Mei Cho, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Joseph Fowler, Kelly J. Gaffney, Allesandro Gallo, Johnathon Gard, Gene C. Hilton, Hoyoung Jang, Young I. Joe, Christopher Kenney, Jason Knight, Thomas Kroll, Jun-Sik Lee, Dale Li, Donhui Lu, Ronald Marks, Michael Minitti, Kelsey Morgan, Ogasawara Hirohito, Galen O'Neil, Carl D. Reintsema, Dan Schmidt, Dimosthenis Sokaras, Joel Ullom, Tsu-Chien Weng, Christopher Williams, Betty A. Young, Daniel Swetz, Kent D. Irwin, Dennis Nordlund
We present results obtained with a new soft X-ray spectrometer based on transition-edge sensors (TESs) composed of Mo/Cu bilayers coupled to bismuth absorbers. This spectrometer simultaneously provides excellent energy resolution, high detection efficiency

Configurable error correction of code-division multiplexed TES detectors with a cryotron switch

June 10, 2019
Author(s)
Joel C. Weber, Joseph W. Fowler, Malcolm S. Durkin, Kelsey M. Morgan, John A. Mates, Douglas A. Bennett, William B. Doriese, Daniel R. Schmidt, Gene C. Hilton, Daniel S. Swetz, Joel N. Ullom
The development of a superconducting analog to the transistor with extremely low power dissipation will accelerate the proliferation of low-temperature circuitry operating in the milliKelvin regime. The thin-film, magnetically actuated cryotron switch is a

A TES X-ray Spectrometer for NSENSE

March 25, 2019
Author(s)
Christine G. Pappas, Malcolm S. Durkin, Joseph W. Fowler, Kelsey M. Morgan, Joel N. Ullom, William B. Doriese, Gene C. Hilton, Galen C. O'Neil, Daniel R. Schmidt, Paul Szypryt, Daniel S. Swetz
The Non-destructive Statistical Estimation of Nanoscale Structures and Electronics NSENSE instrument for IARPAs Rapid Analysis of Various Emerging Nanoelectronics RAVEN program is a tabletop X-ray tomography prototype designed for three-dimensional imaging

Microwave SQUID multiplexing for the Lynx x-ray microcalorimeter

March 22, 2019
Author(s)
Douglas A. Bennett, John A. Mates, Simon R. Bandler, Daniel T. Becker, Joseph W. Fowler, Johnathon D. Gard, Gene C. Hilton, K D. Irwin, Kelsey M. Morgan, Carl D. Reintsema, Kazuhiro Sakai, Daniel R. Schmidt, Stephen J. Smith, Daniel S. Swetz, Joel N. Ullom, Leila R. Vale, Abigail L. Wessels
The Lynx x-ray microcalorimeter (LXM) is an imaging spectrometer for the Lynx satellite mission, an x-ray telescope being considered by NASA to be a new flagship mission. Lynx will enable unique astrophysical observations into the x-ray universe due to its

Demonstration of Athena X-IFU Compatible 40-Row Time-Division-Multiplexed Readout

March 19, 2019
Author(s)
Malcolm S. Durkin, Joseph S. Adams, Simon R. Bandler, James A. Chervenak, Saptarshi Chaudhuri, Carl S. Dawson, Edward V. Denison, William B. Doriese, Shannon M. Duff, F. M. Finkbeiner, C. T. FitzGerald, Joseph W. Fowler, Johnathon D. Gard, Gene C. Hilton, Kent D. Irwin, Young I. Joe, R. L. Kelley, Caroline A. Kilbourne, A. R. Miniussi, Kelsey M. Morgan, Galen C. O'Neil, Christine G. Pappas, F. S. Porter, Carl D. Reintsema, David A. Rudman, Kazuhiro Sakai, Stephen J. Smith, Robert W. Stevens, Daniel S. Swetz, Paul Szypryt, Joel N. Ullom, Leila R. Vale, N. Wakeham, Joel C. Weber, B. A. Young
Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is the backup readout technology for the X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU), a 3168-pixel X-ray transition-edge sensor (TES) array that will provide imaging spectroscopy for european space agency's Athena satellite mission