U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Search Publications by: Paul Szypryt (Assoc)

Search Title, Abstract, Conference, Citation, Keyword or Author
Displaying 1 - 19 of 19

Spectroscopic Measurements and Models of Energy Deposition in the Substrate of Quantum Circuits by Natural Ionizing Radiation

November 12, 2024
Author(s)
Joseph Fowler, Paul Szypryt, Raymond Bunker, Ellen Edwards, Ian Fogarty Florang, JIANSONG GAO, Shannon Hoogerheide, Ben Loer, Hans Mumm, Nathan Nakamura, John Orrell, Elizabeth M. Scott, Jason Stevens, Daniel Swetz, Brent VanDevender, Michael Vissers, Joel Ullom
Naturally occurring background radiation is a potential source of correlated decoherence events in superconducting qubits that will challenge error-correction schemes. In order to characterize the radiation environment in an unshielded laboratory

Kinetic inductance current sensor for visible to near-infrared wavelength transition-edge sensor readout

November 6, 2024
Author(s)
Paul Szypryt, Douglas Bennett, Ian Fogarty Florang, Joseph Fowler, Jiansong Gao, Andrea Giachero, Ruslan Hummatov, Adriana Lita, John Mates, Sae Woo Nam, Daniel Swetz, Joel Ullom, Michael Vissers, Jordan Wheeler
Single-photon detectors based on the superconducting transition-edge sensor are used in a number of visible to near-infrared applications, particularly for photon-number-resolving measurements in quantum information science. To be practical for large-scale

Nanoscale Three-Dimensional Imaging of Integrated Circuits Using a Scanning Electron Microscope and Transition-Edge Sensor Spectrometer

April 30, 2024
Author(s)
Nathan Nakamura, Paul Szypryt, Amber Dagel, Bradley Alpert, Douglas Bennett, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Malcolm Durkin, Joseph Fowler, Dylan Fox, Johnathon Gard, Ryan Goodner, James Zachariah Harris, Gene C. Hilton, Edward Jimenez, Burke Kernen, Kurt Larson, Zachary H. Levine, Daniel McArthur, Kelsey Morgan, Galen O'Neil, Christine Pappas, Carl D. Reintsema, Dan Schmidt, Peter Schulz, Daniel Swetz, Kyle Thompson, Joel Ullom, Leila R. Vale, Courtenay Vaughan, Christopher Walker, Joel Weber, Jason Wheeler
X-ray nanotomography is a powerful tool for the characterization of nanoscale materials and structures, but it is difficult to implement due to the competing requirements of X-ray flux and spot size. Due to this constraint, state-of-the-art nanotomography

Superconducting X-ray Sensors for Tomography of Microelectronics

November 1, 2023
Author(s)
Joseph Fowler, Zachary H. Levine, Paul Szypryt, Daniel Swetz
Tomographic imaging of integrated circuits at scales smaller than 1 micrometer is a challenging x-ray measurement. We describe a research instrument based upon superconducting x-ray microcalorimeters, which help to discriminate among materials in a sample

A tabletop x-ray tomography instrument for nanometer-scale imaging: demonstration of the 1,000-element transition-edge sensor subarray

August 1, 2023
Author(s)
Paul Szypryt, Nathan J. Nakamura, Dan Becker, Douglas Bennett, Amber L. Dagel, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Joseph Fowler, Johnathon Gard, J. Zachariah Harris, Gene C. Hilton, Jozsef Imrek, Edward S. Jimenez, Kurt W. Larson, Zachary H. Levine, John Mates, Daniel McArthur, Luis Miaja Avila, Kelsey Morgan, Galen O'Neil, Nathan Ortiz, Christine G. Pappas, Dan Schmidt, Kyle R. Thompson, Joel Ullom, Leila R. Vale, Michael Vissers, Christopher Walker, Joel Weber, Abigail Wessels, Jason W. Wheeler, Daniel Swetz
We report on the 1,000-element transition-edge sensor (TES) x-ray spectrometer implementation of the TOMographic Circuit Analysis Tool (TOMCAT). TOMCAT combines a high spatial resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) with a highly efficient and

A Tabletop X-Ray Tomography Instrument for Nanometer-Scale Imaging: Reconstructions

April 14, 2023
Author(s)
Zachary H. Levine, Bradley Alpert, Amber Dagel, Joseph Fowler, Edward Jiminez, Nathan J. Nakamura, Daniel Swetz, Paul Szypryt, Kyle Thompson, Joel Ullom
We show three-dimensional reconstructions of a region of an integrated circuit from a 130 nm copper process. The reconstructions employ x-ray computed tomography, measured with a new and innovative high-magnification x-ray microscope. The instrument uses a

Determination of electron beam energy in measuring the electron-impact ionization cross section of He-like Fe24+

March 17, 2023
Author(s)
Yuri Ralchenko, Galen O'Neil, Paul Szypryt, Joseph N. Tan, Aung S. Naing, Yang Yang, Dipti Dipti, Amy Gall, Adam Hosier, David Schultz, Randall Smith, Nancy Brickhouse, Endre Takacs
In an effort to measure electron-impact ionization (EII) cross sections of He-like $Fe^24+}$ at the electron beam ion trap (EBIT) facility of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), we have experimentally determined the corrections to

Background and blended spectral line reduction in precision spectroscopy of EUV and x-ray transitions in highly charged ions

March 3, 2023
Author(s)
Yuri Ralchenko, Joseph N. Tan, Aung S. Naing, Galen O'Neil, Paul Szypryt, Dipti Dipti, Grant Mondeel, Roshani Silwal, Alain Lapierre, Steven Blundell, Gerald Gwinner, Antonio Camargo Villari, Endre Takacs
We report a method in EBIT spectral analysis that reduces signal from contaminant lines of 1 known or unknown origin. We utilize similar ion charge distributions of heavy highly charged ions 2 that create similar potentials for lighter contaminating

Analysis of E3 Transitions in Ag-like High-Z Ions Observed with the NIST EBIT

March 1, 2023
Author(s)
Yuri Ralchenko, David La Mantia, Aung S. Naing, Paul Szypryt, Joseph N. Tan, Endre Takacs, Dipti Dipti, Yang Yang, Adam Hosier, Hunter Staiger
We report measurements and identification of the E3 4f$_7/2,5/2}$-5s$_1⁄2$ transitions and E1 allowed transitions in Ag-like W (Z=74), Re (Z=75), and Ir (Z=77). The spectra were recorded at the NIST EBIT using a grazing-incidence EUV spectrometer. The

Generic character of charge and spin density waves in superconducting cuprates

April 4, 2022
Author(s)
Sangjun Lee, Edwin Huang, Thomas Johnson, Xuefei Guo, Ali Husain, Matteo Mitrano, Kannan Lu, Alexander Zakrzewski, Gilberto de la Pena, Yingying Peng, Hai Huang, Sang-Jun Lee, Hoyoung Jang, Jun-Sik Lee, Young Joe, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Paul Szypryt, Daniel Swetz, Songxue Chi, Adam Aczel, Gregory MacDougall, Steven Kivelson, Eduardo Fradkin, Peter Abbamonte
Charge density waves (CDWs) have been observed in nearly all families of copper-oxide superconductors. But the behavior of these phases across different families has been perplexing. In La-based cuprates, the CDW wavevector is an increasing function of

Design of a 3000 pixel transition-edge sensor x-ray spectrometer for microcircuit tomography

August 1, 2021
Author(s)
Paul Szypryt, Douglas Bennett, William J. Boone, Amber L. Dagel, G Dalton, William Doriese, Malcolm Durkin, Joseph Fowler, Edward Garboczi, Jonathon D. Gard, Gene Hilton, Jozsef Imrek, E S. Jimenez, Vincent Y. Kotsubo, K Larson, Zachary H. Levine, John Mates, D McArthur, Kelsey Morgan, Nathan J. Nakamura, Galen O'Neil, Nathan Ortiz, Christine G. Pappas, Carl Reintsema, Dan Schmidt, Daniel Swetz, K R. Thompson, Joel Ullom, C Walker, Joel C. Weber, Abigail Wessels, J W. Wheeler
Feature sizes in integrated circuits have decreased substantially over time, and it has become increasingly difficult to three-dimensionally image these complex circuits after fabrication. This can be important for process development, defect analysis, and

Mitigating finite bandwidth effects in time-division- multiplexed SQUID readout of TES arrays

March 11, 2021
Author(s)
Malcolm Durkin, Joseph S. Adams, Simon Bandler, James A. Chervenak, Ed Denison, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Shannon Duff, Fred M. Finkbeiner, Joseph Fowler, Johnathon Gard, Gene C. Hilton, Ruslan Hummatov, Kent Irwin, Young I. Joe, Richard L. Kelley, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Antoine R. Miniussi, Kelsey Morgan, Galen O'Neil, Christine Pappas, Frederick S. Porter, Carl D. Reintsema, Kazuhiro Sakai, Stephen J. Smith, Robert W. Stevens, Daniel Swetz, Paul Szypryt, Joel Ullom, Leila R. Vale, Nicholas A. Wakeham
Time division multiplexing (TDM) is being developed as the readout technology of the X-ray integral field unit (X-IFU), a 3,168-pixel X-ray transition-edge sensor (TES) imaging spectrometer that is part of the European Space Agency's Athena satellite

Measurement of the 2P1/2-2P3/2 fine structure splitting in fluorine-like Kr, W, Re, Os and Ir

September 2, 2020
Author(s)
Galen O'Neil, Samuel C. Sanders, Paul Szypryt, Dipti Goyal, Amy Gall, Yang Yang, Samuel M. Brewer, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Joseph Fowler, Daniel Swetz, Joseph N. Tan, Joel Ullom, Andrey V. Volotka, Endre Takacs, Yuri Ralchenko
Quantum electrodynamics (QED) is currently considered to be one of the most accurate theories of fundamental interactions. As its extraordinary precision offers unique scientific opportunities, e.g., search for new physics, stringent experimental tests of

A transition-edge sensor-based x-ray spectrometer for the study of highly charged ions at the National Institute of Standards and Technology electron beam ion trap

December 16, 2019
Author(s)
Paul Szypryt, Galen C. O'Neil, Endre Takacs, Joseph N. Tan, Sean W. Buechele, Aung Naing, Douglas A. Bennett, William B. Doriese, Malcolm S. Durkin, Joseph W. Fowler, Johnathon D. Gard, Gene C. Hilton, Kelsey M. Morgan, Carl D. Reintsema, Daniel R. Schmidt, Daniel S. Swetz, Joel N. Ullom, Yuri Ralchenko
We report on the design, commissioning, and initial measurements of a Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) x-ray spectrometer for the Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Over the past few decades, the NIST

On Low-Energy Tail Distortions in the Detector Response Function of X-Ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometers

November 21, 2019
Author(s)
Galen C. O'Neil, Paul Szypryt, Endre Takacs, Joseph N. Tan, Sean W. Buechele, Aung Naing, Young I. Joe, Daniel S. Swetz, Daniel R. Schmidt, William B. Doriese, Johnathon D. Gard, Carl D. Reintsema, Joel N. Ullom, John S. Villarrubia, Yuri Ralchenko
We use narrow spectral lines from the X-ray spectra of various highly charged ions to measure low-energy tail-like deviations from a Gaussian response function in a microcalorimeter X-ray spectrometer with Au absorbers at energies from 650 to 3320 eV. We

A TES X-ray Spectrometer for NSENSE

March 25, 2019
Author(s)
Christine G. Pappas, Malcolm S. Durkin, Joseph W. Fowler, Kelsey M. Morgan, Joel N. Ullom, William B. Doriese, Gene C. Hilton, Galen C. O'Neil, Daniel R. Schmidt, Paul Szypryt, Daniel S. Swetz
The Non-destructive Statistical Estimation of Nanoscale Structures and Electronics NSENSE instrument for IARPAs Rapid Analysis of Various Emerging Nanoelectronics RAVEN program is a tabletop X-ray tomography prototype designed for three-dimensional imaging

Demonstration of Athena X-IFU Compatible 40-Row Time-Division-Multiplexed Readout

March 19, 2019
Author(s)
Malcolm S. Durkin, Joseph S. Adams, Simon R. Bandler, James A. Chervenak, Saptarshi Chaudhuri, Carl S. Dawson, Edward V. Denison, William B. Doriese, Shannon M. Duff, F. M. Finkbeiner, C. T. FitzGerald, Joseph W. Fowler, Johnathon D. Gard, Gene C. Hilton, Kent D. Irwin, Young I. Joe, R. L. Kelley, Caroline A. Kilbourne, A. R. Miniussi, Kelsey M. Morgan, Galen C. O'Neil, Christine G. Pappas, F. S. Porter, Carl D. Reintsema, David A. Rudman, Kazuhiro Sakai, Stephen J. Smith, Robert W. Stevens, Daniel S. Swetz, Paul Szypryt, Joel N. Ullom, Leila R. Vale, N. Wakeham, Joel C. Weber, B. A. Young
Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is the backup readout technology for the X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU), a 3168-pixel X-ray transition-edge sensor (TES) array that will provide imaging spectroscopy for european space agency's Athena satellite mission

Optimization of Time-and Code-Division-Multiplexed Readout for Athena X-IFU

March 18, 2019
Author(s)
William B. Doriese, Simon R. Bandler, Saptarshi Chaudhuri, Carl S. Dawson, Edward V. Denison, Shannon M. Duff, Malcolm S. Durkin, C. T. FitzGerald, Joseph W. Fowler, Johnathon D. Gard, Gene C. Hilton, Kent D. Irwin, Young I. Joe, Kelsey M. Morgan, Galen C. O'Neil, Christine G. Pappas, Carl D. Reintsema, David A. Rudman, Stephen J. Smith, Robert W. Stevens, Daniel S. Swetz, Paul Szypryt, Joel N. Ullom, Leila R. Vale, Joel C. Weber, B. A. Young
Readout of a large, spacecraft-based array of superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs) requires careful management of the layout area and power dissipation of the cryogenic-circuit components. We present three optimizations of our time- (TDM) and