Butler, K.
, Baum, H.
and Kashiwagi, T.
(1994),
Three-Dimensional Kinetic Model for the Swelling of Intumescent Materials (NISTIR 5499), NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR), National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, [online], https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.5499
(Accessed April 28, 2025)
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Three-Dimensional Kinetic Model for the Swelling of Intumescent Materials (NISTIR 5499)
Published
Author(s)
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Abstract
An intumescent coating protects the underlying surface from fire by swelling into a thick insulating char. Design of intumescent materials has proceeded largely by systematic testing of a variety of formulations, since the mechanisms of physical, thermal and chemical behavior are not as yet well understood. Previous models of intumescent behavior have treated the system as a one-dimensional heat transfer problem through a coating consisting of a char layer and a layer of virgin material separated by a thin pyrolysis zone. In this work, a fully three-dimensional, time-dependent numerical model combining the dynamics of the swelling process, the heat transfer through the coating, and the chemistry of gasification is described.Citation
NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR) - 5499
Report Number
5499
NIST Pub Series
Pub Type
NIST Pubs
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Keywords
fire research, intumescent coatings, kinetics, swelling, heat transfer, gasification, fire models
Citation
Issues
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Created September 1, 1994, Updated November 10, 2018