WWVB Time Signal Broadcast: A New Enhanced Broadcast Format and Multi-Mode Receiver

Published

May 1, 2014

Author(s)

John P. Lowe, Yingsi Liang, Oren Eliezer, Dinesh Rajan

Abstract

WWVB is a broadcast station, operated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, that has been broadcasting time information to radio-controlled clocks (RCC) throughout the continental US since 1965. The transmitted information includes the year (excluding the century), day, hour, minute, and notifications for leap seconds and for daylight saving time (DST) transitions. By receiving this information from WWVB, RCCs can acquire and maintain accurate timing and automatically adjust for DST transitions and leap seconds. The legacy amplitude modulation (AM) based broadcast format, introduced in the 1960s, while allowing for a simple implementation of a receiver with the technology of that era, exhibits low efficiency. Consequently, RCC devices based on it often fail to receive reliably, particularly in locations that are distant from the station, such as on the East Coast. To improve the station's coverage, an enhanced broadcast format, based on the addition of phase modulation (PM), was deployed in 2012. This article presents an overview of this new broadcast format and its enhanced features, including its modulation scheme, information encoding, channel coding, and transmission modes. These features enable more reliable receiver performance and greater time-keeping accuracy at reduced power consumption. Additionally, various challenges and considerations associated with the design of receivers for the new broadcast format are presented.

Citation

IEEE Communications Magazine

Pub Type

Journals

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Keywords

phase modulation, time-keeping, radio-controlled clocks, WWVB

Citation

Lowe, J. , Liang, Y. , Eliezer, O. and Rajan, D. (2014), WWVB Time Signal Broadcast: A New Enhanced Broadcast Format and Multi-Mode Receiver, IEEE Communications Magazine, [online], https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=915289 (Accessed November 21, 2024)