Buildings, bridges, and other structures are not supposed to fall down. But sometimes they do, and for different reasons: fires, earthquakes, high winds, errors in design and construction, flaws in materials, and even terrorist attacks.
When disaster and failure events cause, or pose the potential for, substantial loss of life, the NIST Disaster and Failure Studies Program provides a platform for research into building and infrastructure performance and emergency response and evacuation procedures.
Since 1969, NIST has studied more than 40 earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, building and construction failures, and fires — all with the aim of identifying improvements that could be made to building and fire codes, standards and practices. Each study or investigation leads to actionable findings and reccomendations that make communities safer.
Congress gave NIST the authority to conduct these types of studies and investigations through the National Construction Safety Team (NCST) Act, National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), National Windstorm Impact Reduction Program (NWIRP), and NIST Organic Act.
Wildfires are no longer just a California problem or a forest problem. Within the past eight years, Tennessee, California, Oregon, Colorado, New Mexico, and Hawaii have all experienced their most destructive wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires on record, destroying infrastructure and thousands of homes and businesses, and causing devastating loss of life.
Studies and investigations conducted by NIST have led to significant improvements to building and fire codes, standards, and practices to enhance the health and safety of the American public. One of the first major impacts of this work was the passage of the Hotel-Motel Sprinkler Act in 1990, as a direct result of NIST’s study of the Dupont Plaza Hotel Fire in Puerto Rico. Other outcomes include:
Download a PDF about NIST's disaster and failure studies work.