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This brief is on the development of the Ultimate Navigation Chip (uNavChip) concept. Our project develops a Chip-Scale Personal Navigation System to localize emergency responders, assets, and people indoors and in covered outdoor environments, where GPS signals are unusable. We will talk about the Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology that we are developing within this project, groups’ latest analytical and modeling results, and in-field test and evaluation. Our technical approach is based on simultaneous integration of Deterministic, Probabilistic, and Cooperative Localization. The Deterministic Navigation is based on foot-mounted sensors and motion models providing zero-velocity updates, constituting a unique, self-contained, and high accuracy dead reckoning capability. Signals of Opportunity are turned into our own “dedicated pseudolites” for position fixing and augmentation. We are exploiting cellular signals (CDMA, LTE, and 5G) to navigate within building infrastructure to an unprecedented level of accuracy (about 2 meters). Cooperative Localization is utilized by a team of mobile agents equipped with the uNavChip, with communication and computational capabilities, jointly processing a relative measurement between any two agents leading to an increase in localization accuracy.