OSAC Lexicon
The OSAC Lexicon is a compendium of forensic science terms and definitions. This terminology tool was created to help bring consistency and understanding to the way terms are used by the various forensic science. Use of the OSAC Lexicon does not replace the need to reference the original published source.
The terms and definitions in the OSAC Lexicon come from the published literature, including documentary standards and technical reports. It is continually updated with the latest work from OSAC units, as well as terms from newly published documentary standards and standards elevated to the OSAC Registry.
Gradually terms are evaluated and harmonized by the OSAC to a single term. This process results in an OSAC Preferred Term. An OSAC Preferred Term is a term, along with its definition, that has undergone review and evaluation by the FSSB Terminology Task Group and has been approved by the FSSB. The FSSB recommends that subcommittees use OSAC Preferred Terms when drafting standards.
The OSAC Lexicon should be the primary resource for terminology and used when drafting and editing forensic science standards and other OSAC work products.
A section of the human mtDNA control region spanning nucleotide positions 73-340, that often differs among non-maternally related individuals.
Abbreviation for Hertz, which is the measure of the frequency of oscillations. It is thefundamental property of sound that determines pitch.
Hertz is the international unit of measurement of frequency. One hertz corresponds to one cycle per second.
An international professional organization for medicolegal death investigation offices, coroners, medical examiners, and other practitioners of medicolegal death investigation that provides education and training. IACME offers a voluntary inspection and accreditation program for medicolegal death investigation offices (see www.theiacme.com).
Acronym for the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System of the FBI.
Acronym for Iris Acquisition Profile. It is a series of sets of progressively morestringent parameters and requirements relevant to iris acquisition. [2015a>] In theMobile ID Best Practices Recommendations Version 1, face, finger and iris applicationprofiles were all referred to as SAP. They are referred to separately in this standard.This was changed in Mobile ID Best Practices Recommendations Version 2 to beconsistent with this standard.
International Biometric Industry Association.
The International Civil Aviation Organization.
International Color Consortium.
assigning an analyte (analytical signal) to one of the set of known individual chemical compounds or to a group/class of compounds. DiscussionIdentication of individual compounds can be required to identify an analyzed sample as one of a denite kind/type/grade/brand of products, material compositions, formulations, etc.
An inkless method of recording footwear impressions on white chemically treated paper.
A population of individuals based on ancestry or population specificity that reflects a similar genetic, geographic, and environmental background.
Assigning an analyte (analytical signal) to one of the set of known individual chemical compounds or to a group/class of compounds.
The highest degree of association assigned to a questioned impression and known source based on the agreement of class and randomly acquired characteristics when there is sufficient quality and quantity of information
See randomly acquired characteristics.
The International Electrotechnical Commission.
Improvised Explosive Device
Any liquid that is capable of fueling a fire. (1) The liquids historically referred to as flammable liquid and combustible liquid are all considered ignitable liquids. (2) Examples of classes of ignitable liquids include aromatic products, gasoline, isoparaffinic products, naphthenic-paraffinic products, normal alkane products, oxygenated products, and petroleum distillates. Refer to Test Method E1618 for further information about these classes.
Any liquid or the liquid phase of any material that is capable of fueling a fire, including a flammable liquid, combustible liquid, or any other material that can be liquefied and burned.
Canines specifically trained to locate and respond to the presence of certain classes of ignitable liquids by associated odor. Also known as accelerant detector canine or arson dog.
relatively small amount of ignitable liquid retained in or on a substrate.
Any combustible or flammable liquid.
Ignitible liquid detection canines (IGL canines) are dogs specifically trained to locate and respond to the presence of certain classes of ignitible liquids by associated odor.
The process of initiating self-sustained combustion.
The initiation of combustion.
The quantity of heat energy that should be absorbed by a substance to ignite and burn.
A qualitative and destructive test in which a small amount of sample is exposed to a flame or heat.
a qualitative and destructive test in which a small amount of sample is exposed to a ame or heat. DiscussionDetermining the reactivity of the sample is useful in terms of initial characterization and safe handling.
Minimum temperature a substance should attain in order to ignite under specific test conditions.
The time between the application of an ignition source to a material and the onset of self-sustained combustion.
International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation.
Substances used non-medically that are prohibited by law, including but not limited to stimulants, cannabis, cocaine, heroin, other opioids, and MDMA.
(1) in image and video analysis, an imitation or representation of a person or thing drawn, painted, or photographed; (2) in computer forensicssee bit stream duplicate.
In computer forensics, to create a bit stream dupli- cate of the original data.
Imitation or representation of a person or thing, drawn, painted, photographed, and so forth.
(1) in image and video analysis, an imitation or representation of a person or thing drawn, painted, or photographed; (2) in computer forensicssee bit stream duplicate
N computer forensics, to create a bit stream duplicate of the original data
The application of image science and domain expertise to examine and interpret the content of an image, the image itself, or both in legal matters.
The application of image science and domain expertise to examine and interpret the content of an image, the image itself, or both in legal matters
In image and video analysis, the process of averaging similar images, such as sequential video frames, to reduce noise in stationary scenes.
In image and video analysis, the process of averaging similar images, such as sequential video frames, to reduce noise in stationary scenes
In image analysis, the process of comparing images of questioned objects or persons to known objects or persons or images thereof and making an assessment of the correspondence between features in these images for rendering an opinion regarding identification or elimination.
In image analysis, the process of comparing images of questioned objects or persons to known objects or persons or images thereof and making an assessment of the correspondence between features in these images for rendering an opinion regarding identification or elimination
In image analysis, the drawing of conclusions about an image and targets for content analysis include, but are not limited to, the subjects/objects within an image; the conditions under which, or the process by which, the image was captured or created; the physical aspects of the scene (for example, lighting or composition); or the provenance of the image.
In image analysis, the drawing of conclusions about an image and targets for content analysis include, but are not limited to, the subjects/objects within an image; the conditions under which, or the process by which, the image was captured or created; the physical aspects of the scene (for example, lighting or composition); or the provenance of the image
In image analysis, the process of retrieving viewable image(s) from a data set.
In image analysis, the process of retrieving viewable image(s) from a data set
Any process intended to improve the visual appearance of an image or specific features within an image.
Any process intended to improve the visual appearance of an image or specific features within an image.
Any process intended to improve the visual appearance of an image or specific features within an image.