OSAC Lexicon

3D topography data is also known as a Heightmap. An n-by-m heightmap H shall be represented asa function of two coordinates where at each point (xi, yj) (where i=1,...,n; j=1,...,m) there is ameasured surface height zi,j = H(xi, yj). All three coordinates xi, yj, and zi,j are measured in standardunits (e.g., micrometers). The surface H is a 1-to-1 representation of the actual object. An exampleof 3D topographic data is a primer surface measured using a confocal microscope; where each pointH(xi, yj) represents the surface height (in micrometers) measured at the specified (xi, yj) position. 3Ddata captured on hardware compliant with ANSI/ASB Standard 061, Firearm and Toolmarks 3DMeasurement Systems and Measurement Quality Control can be used in virtual comparisonmicroscopy.

The branching structure of a phylogram

A fire scene where a fire continued to burn until most combustibles were consumed and the fire self-extinguished due to a lack of fuel or was extinguished when the fuel load was reduced by burning and there was sufficient suppression agent application to extinguish the fire.

physical evidence that can occur from the transfer of generally small quantities of materials (for example, fibers, glass, hairs, paint, tape).  

A minimal amount of target odor.

The property of a result of a measurement or value of a standard whereby it can be related with a stated uncertainty and to appropriate standards, generally international or national standards, through an unbroken chain of comparisons. The unbroken chain of comparisons is called a traceability chain. Traceability of a chemical species is frequently of equal or greater importance than the traceability of the calibration of the instruments used in the analysis.

Handwriting prepared by drawing the image of a genuine writing on a target document, which may be produced with the aid of carbon paper, transmitted light, or indented lines.

A path associated with a single read/write head on a data medium.

The scent pathway left by an individual moving.

The propensity or learned ability of a canine to methodically follow odor/scent on the ground (human/ground disturbance) by working the canine close to the pathway. Canines are not typically pre-scented on an object.

The format of transactions used in all versions of this standard prior to, and including thatof 2007. It is also included in this standard and is specified in Annex B: Traditionalencoding.

Solid or liquid fuel used to intentionally spread or accelerate the spread of a fire from one area to another.

The propensity or learned ability of a canine to methodically follow the target scent. The canine may follow a scent plume which could be either air borne or settled on the ground/vegetation. The canine will use whichever technique will get them to the target the most efficiently. Canines are typically pre-scented on an object.

The potential ability and the motivation on the part of the canine to learn and develop all the skills required, and the ability to learn from successes and failures.

An individual not yet authorized to conduct independent friction ridge examinations for the FSP, usually still in training.

An individual not yet authorized to conduct independent friction ridge examinations for the FSP; usually still in training, and has not yet successfully completed their FSP’s training program.

An individual not yet authorized to conduct independent friction ridge examinations for the FSP; usually still in training, and has not yet successfully completed their FSP’s training program.

Any member of a specific discipline who is in a situation of instructing any part of the canine team using established methods and validated training guidelines.

Goal oriented task designed to teach, correct, expand, improve, and maintain detection capabilities. (See reinforcement.)

The formal, structured process through which a person progresses from their current level of knowledge and expertise to the level of competency required to conduct specific tasks in accordance with American National Standards.

Target odor/scent sources used for training.

A record used to document the training of a canine, canine handler or canine team, maintained separately from other records, i.e., assessments, certifications or discipline-related deployment records. A record documenting the performance of the canine team, especially an account of an act or occurrence kept in writing or some other permanent form, i.e. electronic format which is discoverable.

A written description of activities to be performed for the purpose of establishing and maintaining competency and job-related knowledge, skills or abilities

The arched path that a projectile follows in flight, typically modeled as a straight line for shortrange paths.

An accumulation of ink found on both sides of an ink line, typically caused by squeegee effect from a gel ink pen.

Credit: Academy Standards Board

A group of records with information and biometric data concerning a particularindividual that is transmitted and / or stored as a complete unit.

A record type / field / subfield / information item / value.

Any transfer, compression, manipulation, re-formatting or re-storage of the originaldata. Transcoding can be lossless or lossy.

Imaging technique with light transmitted through an excised specimen.

A mutation that results in a change from one purine to the other purine (e.g., A-to-G) or one pyrimidine to the other pyrimidine (e.g., C-to-T).

A mutation that results in a change from one purine to the other purine (e.g., A to G) or one pyrimidine to the other pyrimidine (e.g., C to T).

Illumination that passes through a document. (ANSI/ASB Std 035)

A container used to appropriately move training aids in compliance with storage and handling guidelines of the Federal, state, and/or local agencies' policy.

A mutation that results in a change from a purine to pyrimidine or vice versa (e.g., A-to-T).

A mutation that results in a change from a purine to pyrimidine or vice versa (e.g., A to T).

Reporting of the location(s), dimension(s), and other observed characteristics of the skeletal defect(s).

Explanation regarding the mechanism, timing, direction of impact(s), and/or minimum number of impacts associated with skeletal defect(s) using quantitative and/or qualitative evidence.

The external factors that produce a skeletal defect.

Occurrence of a skeletal injury relative to an individual's time of death (e.g., antemortem or perimortem).