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Projects/Programs

Topic Area
Displaying 576 - 600 of 1638

Fundamental Interaction Mechanisms of Engineered Nanomaterials with DNA

Completed
Intended impact Nanotechnology research has resulted in the rapid creation of engineered nanomaterials with many foreseeable applications in medical imaging/diagnosis and in drug delivery. However, there is a notable scarcity of both acute and chronic human toxicity data for these new materials

Fundamental Measurements for Metal Additive Manufacturing

Ongoing
Objective To develop and deploy test methods and protocols, standard test artifacts, exemplar data, data processing tools, automation tools, and advanced characterization methods that address the complexity of AM, create robust measurements, and instill confidence in the metrology used in the

Fundamental Metrology for Communications

Ongoing
Engineers designing the next generation of wireless applications and devices must work around the fundamental issue of radio interference. NIST CTL’s RF Technology High Speed Electronics group focuses on fundamental measurement and modeling of nonlinear microwave systems, devices and materials that

Fundamental Physics: Electric Field Imaging with Neutrons

Completed
An effective magnetic field B eff arises from the relativistic transformation of an electric field E into the frame of reference moving at the neutron velocity v; B eff is proportional to v x E /c 2, hence is small due to the factor of the square of the speed of light in the denominator. This

Fundamental Physics: Experiments with a Precision Neutron Polarimeter

Ongoing
The NSR neutron polarimeter has limited two separate physical quantities, spin rotation due to parity non-conservation and long-range spin-dependent interactions. Firstly, we completed a successful run of an experiment to study the strong interaction using weak interaction properties of the neutron

Fundamental Physics: Magnetically Trapped Neutron Lifetime Experiment

Completed
A precise value for the neutron lifetime is required for several internal consistency tests of the SM including searches for right-handed currents and tests of the unitarity of the CKM mixing matrix. Measurements of neutron decay coefficients provide information on the vector and axial-vector

Fundamentals of Deformation

Ongoing
• We have provided general users from industry, academia and national laboratories with a completely new class of X-ray imaging techniques for materials studies (ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering imaging), that we developed from basic concept to DOE-supported operations at the Advanced Photon

Future Computing Systems and AI

Ongoing
Electrons confined in arrays of semiconductor nanostructures, called quantum dots (QDs), are a promising quantum computing approach. Due to the ease of control of the relevant parameters, fast measurement of the spin and charge states, relatively long decoherence times, and their potential for

Future Directions for Magnetic Sensors

Completed
Bringing new or improved magnetic sensors to market requires modeling for rapid assessment of the effect of new designs or improved materials properties. To this end, we are investigating the fundamental properties of a new class of magnetic sensors that is rapidly displacing ones based on older

Future Wireless Communications Systems and Protocols

Ongoing
​ Millimeter wave Communication Systems and Protocols 5G and beyond wireless communication systems make use of the Millimeter-Wave (mmWave) band. While this band offers unprecedented throughput thanks to the large bandwidth available, it also suffers from larger propagation loss compared to the sub

GaN Nanowire Growth

Ongoing
Selective epitaxy: We have demonstrated that the diameter and placement of nanowires can be controlled by using silicon nitride (SiNx) masks on top of MBE-grown buffer layers (see figure). With electron beam lithography, several patterns with 3 mm die size that provide over 100,000 controlled

GaN Nanowire Metrology and Applications

Ongoing
GaN Nanowire LEDs: Our selective epitaxy methods and dopant characterization techniques have enabled fabrication of arrays of nanowire LEDs with controlled location and spatial layout. This development is complemented by modeling of the carrier flow and recombination. These LEDs were combined to

Gas Concentration Standards Supporting Atmospheric Monitoring

Ongoing
NIST develops suites of SI-traceable, amount-of-substance, primary gas standard mixtures (PSMs) for key trace and greenhouse gas species to provide traceability to the International System of Units for a range of user communities. Standard Reference Materials (SRMs), certified to the PSMs, are

Gas properties for flow metering

Ongoing
NIST has two on-line databases that include accurate gas viscosity values: SEMIPROP - NIST Standard Reference Database 134 - for selected semiconductor process gases NIST Chemistry WebBook - for heat transfer fluids, components of air, components of natural gas [Note: as of February 2014, the NIST