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Quantum chemical calculations have proven to be a reliable tool for the prediction of thermodynamics quantities, particularly for smaller organic species
The NIST Thermodynamic Metrology Group maintains and develops national standards of temperature (in the range 0.65 K to 2011 K), and supports calibration of all
The thermal properties of materials and interfaces that govern the performance, reliability, and thermal management in microelectronics packages and wide
The Thin Film Electronics Project develops rigorous measurements and methodology needed for continued U.S. leadership in manufacturing and innovation of
We use physics theories to understand and simulate the interaction of electrons, light, and mechanical probes with nanometer-scale structures, devices and
The major cause of deteriorating concrete in the infrastructure is corrosion of the reinforcing steel. This is also the major mechanism of deterioration of
The NIST Time Measurement and Analysis Service (TMAS) was designed to serve any organization that is required to maintain an accurate local time standard. The
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) employs a pulsed primary ion beam and a time-of-flight mass analyzer for the detection of molecular
Time-resolved-emission microscopy (TREM) is a workhorse of semiconductor circuit evaluation. However, as transistor dimensions and power-supply voltages have
Our goal is to develop reliable tools and standards for measuring the properties of cells, biomaterials, scaffolds and tissue-engineered constructs. As
Cell viability is often measured as a quality metric of tissue engineered medical products. However, there are a number of inherent assumptions about cell
Toxicology represents the newest focus area for our group. The goal of this work is to compliment traditional toxicological research with development of
U.S. manufacturers have contended for decades that traceability to national standards for industrial irradiation applications is best achieved by services based
Standard Reference Materials® ( SRMs®) and commercially produced, NIST-traceable materials for UV/visible/NIR spectrophotometry are transfer standards that
The Gas Sensing Metrology Group in the Chemical Sciences Division is tasked with providing traceability in gas analysis for the U.S. This group works with
Alkali–silica reaction (ASR), one of the most destructive and costly causes of concrete deterioration worldwide, results from the complex interaction between
Machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) have advanced so rapidly that they can now outperform humans at many (or even most) tasks. However, the large
We have developed several portable radiometers to transfer the primary detector-based scales for optical power, radiance, and irradiance in the infrared
To decrease the large measurement-uncertainty gap between cryogenic radiometer measurements (such as those made by the NIST Primary optical watt radiometer) and
Today, demonstration vehicles are refueled with hydrogen from dispensers within 3 to 5 minutes using sequential gas releases from a bank of pressurized
Many computational programs exist that are being used by industry for predicting properties of polymer composites, but their general predictive power is limited
Develop critical thermal and electrical transport measurement methods, instrumentation, and reference materials needed to support the development, performance