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Journal of Research (NIST JRES)

Biophotonic tools in cell and tissue diagnostics

May 1, 2007

Author(s)

Michael Brownstein, Robert A. Hoffman, Richard Levenson, Thomas E. Milner, Marla L. Dowell, Paul A. Williams, Grady S. White, Adolfas Gaigalas, Jeeseong C. Hwang

In order to maintain the rapid advance of biophotonics in the U.S. and to enhance our competitiveness worldwide, key measurement tools must be in place. As a

A Low Cost Digital Vibration Meter

April 1, 2007

Author(s)

William V. Payne, Jon Geist

This report describes the development of a low cost vibration amplitude sensor. The processes used to develop this sensor involve the use of Micro-Electronic

Cosmic Coincidences: Investigations for Neutron Background Suppression

April 1, 2007

Author(s)

Craig Heimbach

Two experimental investigations were made in order to reduce background counts in neutron detectors. Each investigation relied upon the fact that neutron

⁴He Thermophysical Properties: New Ab Initio Calculations

April 1, 2007

Author(s)

John J. Hurly, J B. Mehl

Once is Enough in Radiometric Calibrations

February 1, 2007

Author(s)

Gerald T. Fraser, Charles E. Gibson, Howard W. Yoon, Albert C. Parr

The successful development of an Optical Technology Division quality system for optical radiation measurement services has provided the opportunity to

A Doubt Is at Best an Unsafe Standard: Measuring Sugar in the Early Bureau of Standards

February 1, 2007

Author(s)

David R. Singerman

Europe based its New World empires on the development and control of sources of sugar cane. Mercantilism dictated high tariffs on sucrose, which was still an

Complex permittivity measurements of planar building materials using a UWB free-field antenna measurement system

January 1, 2007

Author(s)

Ben N. Davis, Chriss A. Grosvenor, Robert T. Johnk, David R. Novotny, James R. Baker-Jarvis, Michael D. Janezic

Building materials are often incorporated into complex, multi-layer macrostructures that are simply not amenable to measurements using coax or waveguide sample

20 Degrees Celsius--A Short History of the Standard Reference Temperature for Industrial Dimensional Measurements

January 1, 2007

Author(s)

Theodore D. Doiron

While most dimensional metrologists know that the reference temperature for dimensional measurements is 20 C, very few know how or why that temperature was

Will Future Measurement Needs for the Semiconductor Industry Be Met?

January 1, 2007

Author(s)

Herbert S. Bennett, Alain C. Diebold, C. M. Garner

We present an assessment of the state of the nation''s measurement system in its ability to meet the metrology needs of the semiconductor industry. Lacking an

Convective Instabilities in Two Liquid Layers

January 1, 2007

Author(s)

Geoffrey B. McFadden, Sam R. Coriell, Katharine F. Gurski, David Cotrell

We perform linear stability calculations for horizontal fluid bilayers, taking into account both buoyancy effects and thermocapillary effects in the presence of

Synthetic Incoherence Via Scanned Gaussian Beams

December 1, 2006

Author(s)

Zachary H. Levine

Tomography, in most formulations, requires an incoherent signal. For a conventional transmission electron microscope, the coherence of the beam often results in

Bayesian Tomography for Projections With an Arbitrary Transmission Function With an Application in Electron Microscopy

December 1, 2006

Author(s)

Zachary H. Levine, Anthony J. Kearsley, John G. Hagedorn

The vast majority of the developments in tomography assume that the transmission of the probe trhought he sample follows Beer s Law, i.e., the rule of

Recollections on Sixty Years of NBS Ionizing Radiation Programs for Energetic X Rays and Electrons

December 1, 2006

Author(s)

H W. Koch

The history of NBS/NIST Ionizing Radiation Programs for Photons and Electrons from 1928 to 1988 is reviewed. The Council on Ionizing Radiation Measurements and

NIST Calibration of a Neutron Spectrometer ROSPEC

December 1, 2006

Author(s)

Craig Heimbach

A neutron spectrometer, ROSPEC, was acquired for use in the measurement of NIST calibration neutron fields. The spectrometer included options for the

In-situ Attenuation Corrections for Radiation Force Measurements of High Frequency Ultrasound with a Conical Target

November 1, 2006

Author(s)

Steven E. Fick, E Steven, D Ruggless

Radiation force balance (RFB) measurements of time-averaged spatially-integrated ultrasound power transmitted into a reflectionless water load are based on

Results from Field Testing of Embedded Air Handling Unit and Variable Air Volume Box Fault Detection Tools

October 30, 2006

Author(s)

J Schein

Fault detection and diagnostic (FDD) methods that can detect common mechanical faults and control errors in air-handling units (AHUs) and variable-air-volume

Spectrally Tunable Sources for Advanced Radiometric Applications

October 1, 2006

Author(s)

Steven W. Brown, Joseph P. Rice, J D. Jackson, Jorge E. Neira, Bettye C. Johnson

A common radiometric platform for the development of application-specific metrics to quantify the performance of sensors and systems is described. Using this

Development of Argon Isotope Reference Standards for the U.S. Geological Survey

October 1, 2006

Author(s)

A P. Miiller

The comparison of high-precision ages of geological materials measured by laboratories engaged in geochronological studies has been limited by the lack of high

Comparison of the NIST and BIPM Standards for Air Kerma in Medium-Energy X-Rays

October 1, 2006

Author(s)

D T. Burns, C M. O'Brien

A comparison has been made of the air-kerma standards for medium-energy x-rays of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Bureau

Ambiguities in Powder Indexing: The Impact of a Quaternary Lattice Metric Singularity on the Characterization of Mawsonite and Chartkalite

September 1, 2006

Author(s)

Alan D. Mighell

Phase Transformations in the High Tc Superconducting Compounds, Ba2RCu3O6+ (R-Nd, Sm, Gd, Y, Ho, and Er)

September 1, 2006

Author(s)

Winnie K. Wong-Ng, Lawrence P. Cook, H Su, Mark D. Vaudin, C. K. Chiang, D O. Welch, Edwin R. Fuller, Zhi Yang, Lawrence H. Bennett

Measurement of 100 nm and 60 nm Particle Standards by Differential Mobility Analysis

August 1, 2006

Author(s)

George W. Mulholland, Michelle K. Donnelly, Robert C. Hagwood, S R. Kukuck, Vincent A. Hackley, D Y. Pui

The peak particle size and expanded uncertainties (95 % confidence interval) for two new particle calibration standards are measured as 101.60 nm ? 1.02 nm and

Intercomparison of the LBIR Absolute Cryogenic Radiometers to the NIST Optical Power Measurement Standard

August 1, 2006

Author(s)

Adriaan C. Carter, James A. Fedchak, Raju V. Datla

The Low Background Infrared (LBIR) facility at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) presently maintains four absolute cryogenic radiometers

Methods to Characterize Ricin for the Development of Reference Materials

July 1, 2006

Author(s)

Sung Kim, Diane K. Hancock, Lili Wang, Kenneth D. Cole, Prasad T. Reddy

Ricin is an abundant protein from the castor bean plant Ricinus communis. Because of its high toxicity and the simplicity of producing mass quantities, ricin is

Simulating the Time-Scale Dynamics of Network Traffic Using Homogeneous Modeling

June 1, 2006

Author(s)

Kevin L. Mills, J Yuan

Simulating and understanding traffic dynamics in large networks present difficult challenges due to the complexity of such networks, coupled with limitations

Simple Thermal Efficiency Model for CMOS-Microhotplate Design

May 31, 2006

Author(s)

Jon Geist, Muhammad Afridi, Ankush Varma, Allen R. Hefner Jr.

Requirements for the Development of Bacillus Anthracis Spore Reference Materials Used to Test Detection Systems

May 1, 2006

Author(s)

Jamie L. Almeida, Lili Wang, Jayne B. Morrow, Kenneth D. Cole

Bacillus anthracis spores have been used as biological weapons and the possibility of their further use requires surveillance systems that can accurately and

Evaluation of Aerodynamic Drag and Torque for External Tanks in Low Earth Orbit

May 1, 2006

Author(s)

William C. Stone, Christoph J. Witzgall

A numerical procedure is described in which the aerodynamic drag and torque in low Earth orbit are calculated for a prototype Space Shuttle external tank and

Variable Magnification With Kirkpatrick-Baez Optics for Synchrotron X-Ray Microscopy

May 1, 2006

Author(s)

Terrence J. Jach, A S. Bakulin, S M. Durbin, J Pedulla, A T. Macrander

We describe the distinction between the operation of a short focal lengthx-ray microscope forming a real image with a laboratory source (convergentillumination)

An Examination of New Paradigms for Spline Approximations

May 1, 2006

Author(s)

Christoph J. Witzgall, David E. Gilsinn, Marjorie A. McClain

Lavery splines are examined in the univariate and bivariate cases. In both instances relaxation based algorithms for approximate calculation of Lavery splines