Joseph Kopanski has been at NIST since 1985. His research interests are scanning probe techniques, such as scanning capacitance microscopy, scanning microwave microscopy, and scanning Kelvin force microscopy for electrical transport characterization of nanostructures and sub-surface imaging techniques for back end of the line characterization. In his time at NIST, he has been both a Project Leader and a Group Leader. He retired from Federal Service in February 2023 and is currently a Research Associate.