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Correlating Titanium Powder Manufacturing Methods and Resultant Particle Morphologies to Microstructural Properties, Particle Flight and Impact Velocity, and Bonding and Deposition Characteristics in Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing
Published
Author(s)
Pranav Anumandla, Carlos Faggi, Sinan Muftu, Edward Garboczi, Newell Moser, Rachel Cook, Nicholas Derimow, Ozan Ozdemir
Abstract
Unlike high temperature thermal spray processes and metal additive manufacturing methods that require extensive heat treatment, native particle microstructural properties in the feedstock powder have been shown to dictate the final thermomechanical properties of as-deposited cold spray products (e.g., coatings, repairs, free standing parts) in the literature. Recently, particle shape has also been shown to have a significant influence on particle flight and impact velocity in Cold Spray (CS) processes. Thus, powder feedstock thermomechanical properties and size and shape distributions need to be coupled with CS process conditions to understand the direct influence of particle shape on bonding and the significance of the parameter for quality control as CS becomes commercialized in a wider spectrum of industrial applications. Thus, in this study, bonding and deposition characteristics of commercially available titanium (CP-Ti) particles were correlated with their size, shape, and native microstructural properties and their impact velocity and temperature. Gas atomized (mostly spherical), chemically reduced (sponge granules), and chemically reduced and crushed (dense and irregular) powders are characterized for their size, shape, and microstructural properties using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser diffraction particle size analysis (LPA), X-Ray computed tomography (XCT), and electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) methods. Shadow image particle velocimetry is used for characterizing and dialing CS process parameters for producing single particle splats and thick deposits. Computational fluid dynamics is used for predicting size and shape dependent particle impact velocity difficult to gather using experimental methods. Resultant microstructural properties within particles and bonding interfaces were studied using optical microscopy, SEM, and EBSD. Furthermore, the resultant thermal and mechanical properties were investigated through transient plane source methods, hardness tests, and uniaxial tensile testing.
Proceedings Title
Proceedings of the ASME 2024 International Mechanical Engineering Conference and Exposition
Conference Dates
November 17-21, 2024
Conference Location
Portland, OR, US
Conference Title
ASME 2024 International Mechanical Engineering Conference and Exposition
Anumandla, P.
, Faggi, C.
, Muftu, S.
, Garboczi, E.
, Moser, N.
, Cook, R.
, Derimow, N.
and Ozdemir, O.
(2025),
Correlating Titanium Powder Manufacturing Methods and Resultant Particle Morphologies to Microstructural Properties, Particle Flight and Impact Velocity, and Bonding and Deposition Characteristics in Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing, Proceedings of the ASME 2024 International Mechanical Engineering Conference and Exposition, Portland, OR, US, [online], https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2024-145643, https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=958051
(Accessed April 4, 2025)