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Displaying 326 - 350 of 1174

Enhancing the Efficacy of Cancer Therapy: Use of Small Molecule Inhibitors of DNA Glycosylases as Potential Drugs

March 12, 2017
Author(s)
Erdem Coskun, Aaron C. Jacobs, Nathan Donley, Marcus J. Calkins, Dorjbal Dorjsuren, David Maloney, Anton Simeonov, Pawel Jaruga, Amanda K. McCullough, M Miral Dizdar, R. S. Lloyd
Chemotherapy aims to destroy cancer cells by damaging their DNA. However, the overexpression of DNA repair proteins in cancer cells causes the removal of DNA lesions before they become toxic and thus leads to an increased DNA repair capacity resulting in

Experimental and statistical methods to evaluate antibacterial activity of a quaternary pyridinium salt on planktonic, biofilm-forming, and biofilm states

March 3, 2017
Author(s)
Daneli Lopez-Perez, Paula J. Baker, Adam L. Pintar, Jirun Sun, Nancy Lin, Sheng Lin-Gibson
Robust evaluation and comparison of antimicrobial technologies are critical to improving biofilm prevention and treatment. Herein, a multi-pronged experimental framework and statistical models were applied to determine the effects of quaternary pyridinium

FDA Approves First Genetically-Modified Cell Therapy to Treat Leukemia

March 1, 2017
Author(s)
Carl Simon Jr.
The FDA approved the first genetically-modified cell therapy for the treatment of leukemia on August 30, 2017 [1-2]. The treatment (tisagenlecleucel) is an "autologous genetically modified immunocellular therapy indicated for the treatment of pediatric and

Measurements of translation initiation from all 64 codons in E. coli

February 21, 2017
Author(s)
Ariel H. Hecht, Jeff E. Glasgow, Paul Jaschke, Lukmaan Bawazer, Matthew S. Munson, Jennifer R. Cochran, Drew Endy, Marc L. Salit
Our understanding of translation represents a cornerstone of molecular biology and underpins our capacity to engineer living matter. For decades, the codon AUG and a few near-cognates (GUG, UUG) have been exclusively considered as “start codons” for

Extracting Two Parameters From a P2 Orientation Distribution

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Curtis Meuse, Joseph B. Hubbard
Individual molecules are seldom identical. This poses a problem for optical spectroscopy. For instance, if molecular property distributions are not characterized, differences in the distribution of molecular properties between sample and standards are

Structural Calcium (Trypsin, Subtilisin)

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
G L. Gilliland, A Teplyakov
There are about 40 families of serine proteases defined by amino acid sequence similarities that can be further grouped into 7 clans on the basis of their tertiary structure and the order of the catalytic triad. 1 Members of clans SA and SB are

Self-contained, Low Cost “Body-on-a-Chip” Systems for Drug Development

February 17, 2017
Author(s)
Ying Wang, Oleaga Carlota, Long Christopher, McAleer Christopher, Paula Miller, James J. Hickman, Michael L. Shuler, Mandy B. Esch
Integrated multi-organ microphysiological systems are an evolving tool for preclinical evaluation of the potential toxicity and efficacy of drug candidates. Such systems, also known as “Body-on-a-Chip” devices, have a great potential to increase the

Repair of Oxidatively Induced DNA Damage by DNA Glycosylases

February 16, 2017
Author(s)
M Miral Dizdar, Erdem Coskun, Pawel Jaruga
Endogenous and exogenous reactive species cause oxidatively induced DNA damage in living organisms by a variety of mechanisms. As a result, a plethora of mutagenic and/or cytotoxic products are formed in cellular DNA. This type of DNA damage is repaired by

Cytochrome P450 27A1 Deficiency and Regional Differences in Brain Sterol Metabolism Cause Preferential Cholestanol Accumulation in the Cerebellum

February 11, 2017
Author(s)
Natalia Mast, Kyle Anderson, Joseph Lin, Yong Li, Illarion Turko, Curtis Tatsuoka, Ingemar Bjorkhem, Irina A. Pikuleva
Cytochrome P450 27A1 (CYP27A1 or sterol 27-hydroxylase) is a ubiquitous, multifunctional enzyme catalyzing regio- and stereo-specific hydroxylation of different sterols. In humans, complete CYP27A1 deficiency leads to cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis or

An electrically driven spin qubit based on valley mixing

February 2, 2017
Author(s)
wister huang, Neil M. Zimmerman, Andrew S. Dzurak, Dimitrie Culcer
The electrical control of single spin qubits based on semiconductor quantum dots is of great interest for scalable quantum computing since electric elds are much easier to produce and spatially focus than magnetic elds. Here we outline the mechanism for a

Application of 2D-NMR with Room Temperature NMR Probes for the Assessment of the Higher Order Structure of Filgrastim

January 15, 2017
Author(s)
Robert G. Brinson, Houman Ghasriani, Derek Hodgson, Adams Kristie, Ian McEwen, Kang Chen, Yves Aubin, John P. Marino
The higher order structure (HOS) of biotherapeutics is a critical quality attribute that can be evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy at atomic resolution. NMR spectral mapping of HOS can be used to establish HOS consistency of a

Standardization, Calibration, and Control in Flow Cytometry

January 6, 2017
Author(s)
Lili Wang, Robert A. Hoffman
Standardization, control, and calibration provide different degrees of certainty about the data acquired with an instrument. Each process is aimed at assuring that results from the instrument have the quality required for the intended purpose. The purpose

Oxidatively Induced DNA Damage and Its Repair

December 30, 2016
Author(s)
M Miral Dizdar
Endogenous and exogenous reactive species react with DNA in living organisms by numerous mechanisms and cause oxidatively induced DNA damage with multiple lesions. If not repaired, DNA lesions can cause genetic instability, leading to mutagenesis and cell

Summary of NIST/SIM Chemical Metrology Working Group Training Opportunity: Isotope Dilution-Mass Spectrometry Clinical Measurement Course

December 22, 2016
Author(s)
Jeanita Pritchett, Katrice A. Lippa, Mary Bedner, Carolyn Q. Burdette, Johanna Camara, Brian E. Lang, Michael A. Nelson, Lane C. Sander, Lorna T. Sniegoski
The one week NIST-SIM chemical metrology training opportunity was designed to provide SIM NMI/DI laboratory personnel with in-depth classroom and hands-on laboratory experience for the implementation of isotope dilution/mass spectrometry (ID/MS) methods in

Enhanced Sensitivity of Neil1-/- Mice to Chronic UVB Exposure

December 1, 2016
Author(s)
M Miral Dizdar, Marcus J. Calkins, Vladimir Vartanian, Guldal Kirkali, Amanda K. McCullough, R. S. Lloyd, Pawel Jaruga
DNA base damage induced by oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are thought to be central mediators of ultraviolet light (UV)-induced carcinogenesis and skin aging. However, increased steady-state levels of ROS-induced DNA base damage have

Urine Proteomics in the Era of Mass Spectrometry

November 22, 2016
Author(s)
Ashley B. Green
With the technological advances of mass spectrometry (MS)-based platforms, clinical proteomics is one of the most rapidly growing areas in biomedical research. Urine proteomics has become a popular sub-discipline of clinical proteomics because it is an

Alterations in eicosanoid composition during embryonic development in the chorioallantoic membrane of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) and domestic chicken (Gallus gallus)

November 1, 2016
Author(s)
John Bowden, Theresa M. Cantu, Jacob Scott, Jimena B. Perez-Viscasillas, Kevin M. Huncik, Matthew P. Guillette, Louis J. Guillette Jr.
Eicosanoids are signaling lipids that regulate several physiological processes in the mammalian placenta, including the initiation of parturition. Though all amniotes construct similar extraembryonic membranes during development, the composition and

Development and Characterization of Reference Materials for Genetic Testing

November 1, 2016
Author(s)
Justin M. Zook, Marc L. Salit, Lisa V. Kalman, Mickey Williams, Vivekananda Datta, Jin-Yeong Han
Characterized reference materials (RM) are needed for test development and validation, quality control procedures and proficiency testing to assure the quality of clinical laboratory tests. In this article, we review the development and characterization of
Displaying 326 - 350 of 1174