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To control the Newton-Raphson solution of a nonlinear algebraic system, a descent method forces each step to reduce some norm of the residual errors. This prevents divergence, but risks stagnation in flat regions of the norm. Employing a family of cost
Takashi Kashiwagi, Jeffrey Fagan, Keith Yamamoto, A N. Heckert, Stefan D. Leigh, Jan Obrzut, F Du, Sheng Lin-Gibson, Minfang Mu, K Winey, R Haggenmueller, Jack F. Douglas
Six PMMA/SWNT(0.5 wt%) nanocomposite samples intended to have different dispersion levels were prepared by the coagulation method using six different concentrations of SWNTs in DMF from 0.05 mg/ml to 1.2 mg/ml. The morphology of the samples was determined
The Building and Fire Research Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, in cooperation with the Fully Integrated and Automated Technology (FIATECH) consortium, sponsored a workshop on data exchange standards at the construction job
A series of tragic events in the United States over the past decade, punctuated by the collapse of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, has exposed the vulnerability of public buildings to uncontrolled fires, explosions, and biological attack
This report describes the results of a brain storming session conducted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology s Building and Fire Research Laboratory. The session was held as part of the Fourth International Workshop Structures in Fire (SiF
The tests reported herein were intended to gain information on how manufactured home shear walls perform under extreme loads. The specimens tested represent sections from a typical manufactured home. The test results will be used for analytical modeling
Traditional air-handling unit (AHU) control systems link the position of the exhaust air damper, recirculation air damper, and outdoor air damper. Laboratory and field tests on variable-air-volume (VAV) AHU's that use a volume matching to control the
This paper presents an analytical assessment of the robustness of concrete deck-steel beam composite floor systems with shear connectors under the assumption that an interior column has been removed. The study provides an insight into the behavior and
This paper presents an improved method for the design of steel structures that can save material and energy embodied therein while maintaining wind-resisting capacity, or substantially increase structural capacity with only modest or no increase in
This contribution is a chapter for a manual on petrographic analysis of concrete. It adds new material on the application of scanning electron microscopy to microstructural investigations of hardened portland cement concretes. Following the manual form
At least three different physics based approaches to fire dynamics simulations have evolved over the years; lumped parameter or ''zone models'', computational fluid dynamics models based on classical trubulence modeling techniques, and large eddy
At least three different physics based approaches to fire dynamicssimulations have evolved over the years; lumped parameter or ''zone models'',computational fluid dynamics models based on classical turbulence modelingtechniques, and large eddy simulations
Simulation of the effects of severe fires on the structural integrity of builings requires a close coupling between the gas phase energy release andtransport phenomena and the stress analysis in the load bearing materials. The connection between the two is
Richard Gann, Richard D. Peacock, Jason D. Averill, Marc R. Nyden
This report presents the methodology for and results from a series of room-scale fire tests to produce data on the yields of toxic products in both pre-flashover and post-flashover fires. Trays of common household electric cable burned in a room with a
Grain is an essential source of the world's human and animal food supply. The production value of major grains in the United States is approximately $3.3 billion (U.S.D.) of the $10.1 trillion of the U.S. gross domestic products. Inaccurate grain
Harold E. Marshall, Bryan Skokan, Dan Melamed, Karen Guevara, George Bierman
The underlying key to developing successful estimates, tracking projects costs, and utilizing historical project cost information is the development of standardized and well defined hierarchical listing of cost categories. Committees within OECD/NEA and
The BFRL program to advance the technology for first responders to use information from building systems for safer and better fire fighting is presented. Examples of possible implementation strategies are given.
This paper presents a simplified, planar analysis of World Trade Center Tower 1 (WTC1), starting from a computer simulation of the fire using computational fluid dynamics, and progressing through a thermal and a structural analysis of the damaged structure
A synopsis of the effort at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to develop standard protocols for the performance evaluation of 3D Imaging Systems is presented. A 3D imaging system is an instrument that is used to rapidly measure the
Tinh Nguyen, G Xiaohong, M Giraud, Mark R. VanLandingham, Jonathan W. Martin
The surface and film/substrate interface properties of a coating system have a strong influence on its adhesion and durability. However, both the surface and interface chemical composition and microstructure of a crosslinked coating applied to a substrate
It is possible to generate electrical energy from the motion of water due to ocean tides and waves. Oceans are a much more ubiquitous source of flowing water than river gorges, and the ability to efficiently harness this energy could potentially solve many
This report identifies and examines the important issues associated with a measurement and modeling program intended to evaluate how contaminants accidentally or intentionally introduced into the water supply might accumulate in building plumbing systems