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Displaying 726 - 750 of 3836

Experimental study of radiative heat transfer in a translucent fuel sample exposed to different spectral sources

June 28, 2013
Author(s)
Gregory T. Linteris, Nicolas Ball, J. Raynard, Guillermo Rein, Jose L. Torero, M. Forsth, P. Boulet, G. Parent, Z. Acem
Radiative heat transfer to a solid is a key mechanism in fire dynamics, and in-depth absorption is especially of importance for translucent fuels. The sample-heater interaction for radiative heat transfer is experimentally investigated in this study with

OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENERATION OF TOXIC PRODUCTS IN THE ISO/TS 19700 CONTROLLED EQUIVALENCE RATIO TUBE FURNACE AND THE CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE CONE CALORIMETER

June 24, 2013
Author(s)
Nathan D. Marsh, Richard G. Gann, John R. Shields, Marc R. Nyden
Efforts are underway in several research groups to adapt existing flammability test methods for the determination of yields of toxic compounds such as CO, HCN, and HCl. These include the NFPA 269 / ASTM E 1678 radiant furnace apparatus, the ISO/TS 19700

A Case Study of a Community Affected by the Witch and Guejito Fires: Report #2 – Evaluating the Effects of Hazard Mitigation Actions on Structure Ignitions

June 5, 2013
Author(s)
Alexander Maranghides, Derek McNamara, William Mell, Jason Trook, Blaza Toman
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has a suite of research projects addressing risk reduction in Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) communities. The NIST WUI Team was invited by CAL FIRE to collect post incident data from the California

A Generative Model for Fingerprint Minutiae

June 4, 2013
Author(s)
Melissa K. Taylor, Nicholas G. Paulter Jr., Qijun Zhao, Yi Zhang, Anil K. Jain
Fingerprint minutiae are the most important features used by latent fingerprint examiners, as well as in automated fingerprint recognition systems. Hence, understanding the statistical distribution of minutiae is essential in many fingerprint recognition

Assessment of the glassy phase reactivity in fly ashes used for geopolymer cements

June 1, 2013
Author(s)
Paul E. Stutzman, Katherine Aughenbaugh, Maria Juenger
Geopolymer cements have not found widespread use as a portland cement replacement, in part due to the difficulty in proportioning mixtures in a reliable manner. Unlike portland cements, which are mixed with water, geopolymer cements contain caustic

Nanoparticles in Flame-Retardant Coatings for Flexible Polyurethane Foams: Effects on Flammability and Nanoparticle Release

May 15, 2013
Author(s)
Mauro Zammarano, Rick D. Davis, Yeon S. Kim, Richard H. Harris Jr., Marc R. Nyden, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Nasir M. Uddin
Nanoparticles can effectively reduce polymer flammability; however, the impact of nanoparticles on environmental and health safety is still unclear. The purpose of this study is twofold: (1) to develop and investigate the effect of nanoparticle-rich

Impact of Test and Foam Design on Smoldering

May 14, 2013
Author(s)
Mauro Zammarano, Szabolcs Matko, Rick D. Davis
Smoldering propensity of fabrics used in upholstered furniture can be assessed using foam mockups according to the CPSC proposed regulation. This approach requires a polyurethane flexible foam with reproducible and well- characterized smoldering. The

Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Research Needs- Summary Report

May 14, 2013
Author(s)
Nelson P. Bryner, Erik L. Johnsson
In response to the increasing losses due to WUI fires and to ensure that measurement science keeps pace with needed improvements in materials, fire-resistant design, mitigation response, and building and fire codes, NIST sponsored the Workshop on Wildland

Workshop for Fire Structure Interaction and Urban and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires – Operation Tomodachi – Fire Research

May 13, 2013
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Tokiyoshi Yamada, Ann Jeffers, Yoshifumi Ohmiya, Keisuke Himoto, A C. Fernandez-Pello
A workshop, known as “Operation Tomodachi – Fire Research” was held in Tokyo, Japan from July 1 to July 4, 2012. Tomodachi means friendship in Japanese. This workshop, under the direction of Dr. Samuel L. Manzello of EL-NIST and Dr. Tokiyoshi Yamada of the

A stiff variable time step transport solver for CONTAM

May 10, 2013
Author(s)
David M. Lorenzetti, William Stuart Dols, Andrew K. Persily, Michael D. Sohn
CONTAM, a multizone model for predicting whole-building airflow and contaminant transport, has been updated to improve the speed and accuracy of its transport calculations. CVODE, a general-purpose code for solving ordinary differential equations, brings

Development and Characterization of Continuous Feed Firebrand Generator

May 6, 2013
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Sayaka Suzuki
Evidence suggests that wind driven firebrand showers are a major cause of structural ignition in Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) fires. While firebrands have been researched for over four decades, prior studies have focused mainly on how far firebrands fly

Firebrand Generation from a Full-Scale Structure

May 6, 2013
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Sayaka Suzuki, Yoshihiko Hayashi
Firebrands are a critical mechanism of fire spread in large outdoor fires, such as urban fires in Japan and WUI fires in Australia, Southern Europe, and the USA. Firebrands have been studied for some time however there are few studies on generation of

Firebrand Generation from Building Components with Cedar Siding

May 6, 2013
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Sayaka Suzuki, Yoshihiko Hayashi
Fires in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) have been a large problem not only in the USA, but all over the world. From a pragmatic point of view, the WUI fire problem can be seen as a structure ignition problem [1]. It is believed that the structures

Vulnerability of Decking Assemblies to Continuous Firebrand Shower

May 6, 2013
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Sayaka Suzuki
In WUI fires, decking assemblies have been observed to be an ignition vulnerability based on post-fire damage surveys. The Office of the State Fire Marshall (OFSM) in California adopted the test method known as State Fire Marshall (SFM) STANDARD 12-7A-4 [1

Structural design for fire conditions: reliability-based resistance criteria

May 4, 2013
Author(s)
Therese P. McAllister, Bruce Ellingwood
The new paradigm of performance-based fire engineering (PBFE), with its systematic approach to identifying building performance objectives, quantitative structural analysis to verify that these objectives have been achieved, and management of uncertainties

Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Dispersion 1. Optimum placement of gas inlets on a building rooftop for the measurement of greenhouse gas concentrations

April 22, 2013
Author(s)
Kuldeep R. Prasad, Anthony Bova, James R. Whetstone, Elena Novakovskaia
Inverse atmospheric dispersion models are used to provide measurement-based, or “topdown”, estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for comparison with input-based, or “bottom-up”, estimates. To minimize uncertainty, inverse estimates require accurate

Performance of Steel Shear Tab Connections at Elevated Temperatures

April 16, 2013
Author(s)
Mina S. Seif, Joseph Main, Therese P. McAllister
At the present time, there is a lack of understanding of the performance of structures as complete systems under extreme loading conditions such as realistic, uncontrolled fires. Current specifications for the design of steel structures in the U.S. do not

Evaluation of Firepots and Gel Fuels

April 5, 2013
Author(s)
Nathan D. Marsh
The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) has identified a fire and burn hazard associated with a class of products often referred to as “firepots” , resulting in 2 deaths and 114 injuries as of August 31, 2012. The essential feature of this product
Displaying 726 - 750 of 3836