U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Search Publications

NIST Authors in Bold

Displaying 1 - 25 of 3372

Laser Beam Metrology for AM-Bench 2022: Approaches, Results, and Lessons Learned

April 1, 2025
Author(s)
David Deisenroth, Jordan Weaver, Sergey Mekhontsev, Steven Grantham, Shawn P. Moylan
One of key parameters of additive manufacturing by laser powder bed fusion of metal parts (PBF-LB/M) is the power density distribution (PDD) of the process laser beam. This paper describes the methods used to measure the beam PDD, discussing well

Modulated Laser Thermal Interrogation (MLTI): A Novel In Situ Metal Powder Evaluation Technique for Laser Powder Bed Fusion

March 1, 2025
Author(s)
Sina Ghadi, Xiaobo Chen, Nicholas Tomasello, Nicholas Derimow, Srikanth Rangarajan, Guangwen Zhou, Scott Schiffres
Assessment of metal powders in powder bed additive manufacturing is crucial, as the quality of the powders significantly impacts the final printed parts. This study introduces a novel technique to characterize metal powders by analyzing changes in their

State Space Neural Network with Nonlinear Physics for Mechanical System Modeling

February 19, 2025
Author(s)
Reese Eischens, Tao Li, Gregory Vogl, Yi Cai, Yongzhi Qu
Dynamic modeling of mechanical systems is important for the monitoring, diagnostics, control, and prediction of system behaviors. Modeling dynamic system is one of the emerging tasks in scientific machine learning. Neural networks have been used to learn

Insights on grain refinement of Al-Mn-Fe-Si alloy via in situ reaction during laser direct energy deposition

February 2, 2025
Author(s)
Qingyu Pan, Fan Zhang, Deepak Vikraman Pillai, Zilong Zhang, Yufeng Zheng, Lang Yuan, Monica Kapoor, John Carsley, Xiaoyuan Lou
In the present work, we studied the grain refinement by adding in situ reactants, pure titanium (Ti) or a combination of Ti and boron (B), and investigated the governing mechanism in Al-Mn-Fe-Si 3104 alloy made by laser direct energy deposition (DED)

From Principles to Practice: Product Design Foundations for a Circular Economy

January 23, 2025
Author(s)
Buddhika Hapuwatte, Noah Last, Sami Karsli, Gaurav Aher, Katherine Morris, Vincenzo Ferrero
A circular economy moves from the current linear model of production and consumption, i.e., the take-make-use-dispose model, to one that uses resources efficiently, avoids pollution, and creates triple bottom line (i.e., economic, environmental, and social

Additive Construction - The Path to Standardization II: Workshop Report

January 16, 2025
Author(s)
Shawn Platt
The "Additive Construction – The Path to Standardization II" workshop, hosted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), brought together key players from the additive

Uniform Laws and Regulations in the Areas of Legal Metrology and Fuel Quality

January 10, 2025
Author(s)
John McGuire, David Sefcik, Loren Minnich, Isabel Baucom, Katrice Lippa
This 2025 edition includes amendments made through the Committee on Laws and Regulations of the NCWM with technical guidance from the Office of Weights and Measures (OWM) of the NIST and input from weights and measures officials and industry

Metadata Modeling for Manufacturing Enterprise Integration

January 6, 2025
Author(s)
Yan Lu, Boonserm Kulvatunyou, James Jim Wilson, Michael Figura, Josh Ki, David Noller
The continuous digitalization and digital transformation are expanding enterprise information exchange scenarios that span product data, process data sets, and supply chain documents. This paper samples common manufacturing enterprise metadata exchange

Environmental and Economic Benefits of Harvesting Machine for Magnet-to-Magnet Recycling

December 27, 2024
Author(s)
Jesus Perez-Cardona, Nehika Mathur, Sidi Deng, Miha Zakotnik, Catalina Oana Tudor, John Sutherland
Closed-loop recycling streams are increasingly taking importance on the development of a sustainable future. Neodymium-Iron-Boron (Nd-Fe-B) permanent magnets are applied in a variety of applications, including direct-drive wind turbines, electric motors

Surrogate modeling of microstructure prediction in additive manufacturing

November 21, 2024
Author(s)
Paul Witherell, Sankaran Mahadevan, Paromita Nath, Arulmurugan Senthilnathan
Variability in the additive manufacturing process and powder material properties affect the microstructure which influences the macro-scale material properties. Systematic quantification and propagation of this uncertainty require numerous process

Precipitation hardening of laser powder bed fusion Ti-6Al-4V

November 20, 2024
Author(s)
Nicholas Derimow, Jake Benzing, Jacob Garcia, Zachary Levin, Ping Lu, Newell Moser, Chad Beamer, Frank DelRio, Nikolas Hrabe
The laser powder bed fusion (PBF-L) additive manufacturing (AM) community has dedicated significant efforts into process optimization and control for defect-free Ti-6Al-4V. As defects become less of an issue for PBF-L Ti-6Al-4V, the processing-structure

Clarifying the Formation of Equiaxed Grains and Microstructural Refinement in the Additive Manufacturing of Binary Ti-Cu

November 14, 2024
Author(s)
Alec Saville, Adriana Eres-Castellanos, Andrew Kustas, Levi Van Bastian, Donald Susan, Dale Cillessen, Sven Vogel, Natalie Compton, Kester Clarke, Amy Clarke
Controlling microstructural evolution in metallic additive manufacturing (AM) is difficult, especially in producing refined as-built grains instead of coarse, directional grains. Traditional solutions involve adding inoculants to AM feedstocks, but

Current State and Emerging Trends in Advanced Manufacturing: Process Technologies

November 13, 2024
Author(s)
Kamyar Raoufi, Karl Haapala, John Sutherland, Fu Zhao, Andres Clarens, Jeremy Rickli, Zhaoyan Fan, Haihong Huang, Yue Wang, Wo Jae Lee, Nehika Mathur, Matthew Triebe, Sai Srinivas Desabathina
Advanced manufacturing is challenging engineering perceptions of how to innovate and compete. The need for manufacturers to rapidly respond to changing requirements and demands; obtain, store, and interpret large volumes of data and information; and

Transitioning Towards Circular Consumer Electronics Products

November 13, 2024
Author(s)
Junwon Ko, Gisele Bortolaz Guedes, Fazleena Badurdeen, I.S. Jawahir, Katherine Morris, Vincenzo Ferrero
The adoption of Circular Economy (CE) practices is continuing to gain momentum, driven by its potential to promote efficient use of resources, maximize the value of materials and products, and mitigate issues such as resource scarcity, environmental

Strategic Plan for the Manufacturing USA Program

October 29, 2024
Author(s)
Robert G. Rudnitsky, Clifton Ray, Said Jahanmir
This document is the triennial strategic plan for the Manufacturing USA Program, as required by the program's authorizing statute. This strategic plan addresses the role of the Manufacturing USA institutes in developing advanced manufacturing technology

Digital Twins for Advanced Manufacturing: The Standardized Approach

October 26, 2024
Author(s)
Guodong Shao, Deogratias Kibira, Simon P. Frechette
Recently, digital twins are becoming more prevalent in a wide range of industries such as manufacturing, construction, smart city, healthcare, business for various purposes including observing, predicting, optimizing, and controlling. However, because

Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser powder bed fusion Ti-6Al-4V after HIP treatments with varied temperatures and cooling rates

October 22, 2024
Author(s)
Nicholas Derimow, Jake Benzing, Howard Joress, Austin McDannald, Ping Lu, Frank DelRio, Newell Moser, Matthew Connolly, Alec Saville, Orion Kafka, Chad Beamer, Ryan Fishel, Chris Hadley, Nikolas Hrabe
This work investigated non-standard HIP cycles for PBF-L Ti-6Al-4V and characterized microstructure and tensile properties to compare between material that originated from the same build. For 920 °C, faster cooling rates (100 °C/min, 2000 °C/min) were

Roadmap to Strengthen the U.S. Manufacturing Supply Chain via Digital Thread Technology

October 15, 2024
Author(s)
Eric Holterman, Dennis Brandl, Benjamin Standfield, James Wilson, Nima Yazdanpanah, Jim Fritz, Michael Corsello, Barbara Boyan, John Hagwood, Charles Ditchendorf, William Sobel, Lorin Sodell, Lisa Fronczek
This work presents and catalyzes support for a technology roadmap to improve the resilience and capacity of the US manufacturing supply chain through Digital Thread technology. Risks to supply chain resilience and capacity are mapped against envisioned

Forecasting demand data for critical materials

October 9, 2024
Author(s)
Kyle Foster, Nehika Mathur
Gallium, Indium and Cobalt are critical materials that vital to ramping up the adoption of clean energy technologies such as solar photovoltaics (PVs), electric vehicles (EVs) and wind turbines (WTs). Like other critical materials, they too are prone to

Machine Tool Thermal Error Measurement and Prediction via Wireless Microscope

October 1, 2024
Author(s)
Zongze Li, Gregory Vogl, Edward Kinzel, Botond Santa, Robert Landers
A novel method is proposed to measure the thermal errors of a three-axis machine tool by taking images of unique custom-designed fiducials attached to a worktable using a wireless microscope mounted to the spindle. Multiple fiducials are applied for the
Displaying 1 - 25 of 3372