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Search Publications by: Thomas Cleary (Fed)

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Displaying 1 - 25 of 155

An Analysis of Aerosol Dynamics with Diffusion-Limited Growth in a Batch Reactor

December 16, 2024
Author(s)
Jiann Yang, Thomas Cleary, George Mulholland
A set of approximate first-order ordinary differential equations was derived from the general dynamic equation (GDE) to study the aerosol dynamics with homogeneous nucleation and condensational diffusion-limited growth in an isothermal batch reactor. A

Estimations of Photopheresis and Thermophoresis Impacts on Soot Particle Velocity

March 12, 2024
Author(s)
Emma Veley, Amy Mensch, Ryan Falkenstein-Smith, Thomas Cleary
The dissemination of soot particles onto surfaces in a compartment fire is affected by local radiation and temperature gradients. Subsequently, any deposition model must account for the influence of photopheresis and thermophoresis on the deposition

Backdraft Experiments and Large Eddy Simulations in a scaled compartment

December 13, 2023
Author(s)
Marcos Vanella, Ryan Falkenstein-Smith, Thomas Cleary
An extensive set of backdraft experiments has been performed at the NIST National Fire Research Laboratory. These experiments were conducted in a reduced scale compartment, and are part of defining the conditions conducive to backdraft. Further, the

Examining the effectiveness of water suppression for mitigating backdrafts

March 19, 2023
Author(s)
Ryan Falkenstein-Smith, Thomas Cleary
An analysis of the backdraft phenomenon's mitigation from water suppression is con- ducted in a 2/5th scale compartment. Different volumes of water were introduced via a ceiling- mounted misting nozzle into the compartment, which hosted conditions

Real-Time Flashover Prediction Model for Multi-Compartment Building Structures Using Attention Based Recurrent Neural Networks

March 17, 2023
Author(s)
Wai Cheong Tam, Eugene Yujun Fu, Jiajia Li, Richard D. Peacock, Paul A. Reneke, Thomas Cleary, Grace Ngai, Hong Va Leong, Michael Xuelin Huang
This paper presents the development of an attention based bi-directional gated recurrent unit model, P-Flashv2, for the prediction of potential occurrence of flashover in a traditional 111 m2 single story ranch-style family home. Synthetic temperature data

A binary logistic regression model to evaluate backdraft phenomenon

September 30, 2022
Author(s)
Ryan Falkenstein-Smith, Thomas Cleary
A technique to predict backdraft phenomenon using a binary logistic regression model is presented. The model is established from time-averaged temperature, global and local equivalence ratios, and oxygen concentration measurements obtained in a series of

Measurements and Predictions of the Aerosol Dynamics of Smoke

September 30, 2022
Author(s)
Amy Mensch, Haley Hamza, Thomas Cleary
Better understanding and ability to predict the aerosol dynamics of soot can improve life safety predictions generated by fire modeling tools. NIST's fire modeling tool, Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), is commonly used by the international fire protection

Characterization of backdrafts generated from methane fires

March 10, 2022
Author(s)
Ryan Falkenstein-Smith, Christopher U. Brown, Thomas Cleary
An analysis of oxygen concentration measurements is conducted to investigate compartment ventilation before a potential backdraft phenomenon. Experiments are performed in a 2/5th scale compartment of varying configurations such as fuel flow time, spark

The Design and Performance of a Second-Generation Phi Meter

January 5, 2022
Author(s)
Ryan Falkenstein-Smith, Thomas Cleary
This report documents the design and performance of a second-generation phi meter used in multi-scale experimental applications. A constructed second-generation phi meter is implemented in bench and 2/5th scale experiments to demonstrate the instrument's

A Generic Flashover Prediction Model for Residential Buildings Using Graph Neural Network

November 11, 2021
Author(s)
Wai Cheong Tam, Eugene Yujun Fu, Paul A. Reneke, Richard D. Peacock, Thomas Cleary
A generic graph neural network-based model is developed to predict the potential occurrence of flashover for different building structures. The proposed model transforms multivariate temperature data into graph-structure data. Utilizing graph convolution

Detection of Smoke From Microgravity Fires

October 12, 2021
Author(s)
D L. Urban, DeVon Griffin, Gary Ruff, Thomas Cleary, Jiann C. Yang, George W. Mulholland, Zeng-guang Yuan
The history and current status of spacecraft smoke detection is discussed including a review of the state of understanding of the effect of gravity on the resultant smoke particle size. The results from a spacecraft experiment (Comparative Soot Diagnostics

Validation of Aerosol Dynamics in a Well-Stirred Isothermal Enclosure

September 30, 2021
Author(s)
Amy Mensch, Thomas Cleary
Modeling of aerosol dynamics in fire simulations enables predictions of the effects of soot, such as visibility and detection, and the fate of soot, such as deposition and emissions. NIST's fire modeling tool, Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), has implemented

Response Time Impact of Smoke Alarms

September 9, 2021
Author(s)
Stanley W. Gilbert, Thomas Cleary, Paul A. Reneke, Richard Peacock, David Butry
It can be assumed that smoke alarms reduce reported fires and casualties by reducing on average the amount of time it takes to detect a fire. This paper sets out to determine by how much that detection time is reduced. It does so by comparing the effect of