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A single-atom-thick sheet of carbon known as graphene has remarkable properties on its own, but things can get even more interesting when you stack up multiple
Max Planck, one of the Twentieth Century’s most eminent physicists, observed, "An experiment is a question that science poses to Nature, and a measurement is
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has a wide variety of programs for the calibration of instruments and components for space-based research in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV). Many of these programs have been in existence since the 1960s, and have provided calibration support
Many national measurement institutes, like the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), provide radiometric detector and source calibration services, which span the optical portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Optical radiation includes the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared
To determine electro-optical performance of nanocrystals with different surface registries in an ensemble, we have developed strategies to control two key parameters including spatial distribution and orientation of nanocrystals. This allows to electrically probe semiconductor nanocrystals from
Solar-observing instruments operated in space degrade over time. Decades of research and engineering skill have improved protecting such optics, but one crucial solution to address instrument degradation is to regularly recalibrate the instruments to accommodate such changes. Once in orbit
S Norimoto, P See, N Schoinas, I Rungger, Tommy Boykin, Michael Stewart, J. P. Griffiths, C. Chen, D. A. Ritchie, M. Kataoka
Increasing electric current from a single-electron source is a main challenge in an effort to establish the standard of the ampere defined by the fixed value of
William Borders, Advait Madhavan, Matthew Daniels, Vasileia Georgiou, Martin Lueker-Boden, Tiffany Santos, Patrick Braganca, Mark Stiles, Jabez J. McClelland, Brian Hoskins
The increasing scale of neural networks needed to support more complex applications has led to an increasing requirement for area- and energy-efficient hardware
Albert Davydov, Yaw S. Obeng, Ndubuisi George Orji, Umberto Celano, Daniel Schmidt, Carlos Beitia
The international roadmap of devices and systems (IRDS) projects that 2D materials will be inserted into high-volume manufacturing as channel materials, mostly
An electron hologram is a fringe modulated image containing the amplitude and phase information of an electron transparent object. The HolograFREE routines
The NIST/DARPA EUV Reflectometry facility began in the late 1980's to make measurements of the reflectivity of EUV multilayer optics for lithography. Since then
Beamline 8 is used to study the degradation of surfaces that are irradiated by EUV radiation in the presence of common outgas species. Its multilayer mirror
Beamline 1 separates a swath of light from the synchrotron into two parts. The first part is collected in Beamline 1a by a normal-incidence multilayer mirror
Beamline 5 of the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility is a diagnostics end-station used to determine the transverse size of the stored electron beam. The