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For innovations in surface-science and material-preparation technology that overcame a longstanding barrier to implementing ion-trap quantum computing.
For replacing the prevailing reflectance measurement technology of the last 20 years with a novel robotic facility, lowering costs and turnaround time.
For his leadership in creating new tools to observe and measure the internal chemistry and biology of individual living cells in real time, accelerating previous studies by factors of 10,000 and more.