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For innovations in surface-science and material-preparation technology that overcame a longstanding barrier to implementing ion-trap quantum computing.
For developing and perfecting optical lattice atomic clocks as the most stable and accurate clocks in the world, which will have future impacts on advanced communications and a broad range of precision measurements far beyond timekeeping.
For the development of open-source hardware and software designs for a state-of-the-art digital servo that is being rapidly adopted by researchers inside and outside of NIST.
For extraordinary scientific achievement in creating and operating the NIST-F2 atomic clock, the world’s most accurate official time and frequency standard.