OSAC Lexicon
The OSAC Lexicon is a compendium of forensic science terms and definitions. This terminology tool was created to help bring consistency and understanding to the way terms are used by the various forensic science. Use of the OSAC Lexicon does not replace the need to reference the original published source.
The terms and definitions in the OSAC Lexicon come from the published literature, including documentary standards and technical reports. It is continually updated with the latest work from OSAC units, as well as terms from newly published documentary standards and standards elevated to the OSAC Registry.
Gradually terms are evaluated and harmonized by the OSAC to a single term. This process results in an OSAC Preferred Term. An OSAC Preferred Term is a term, along with its definition, that has undergone review and evaluation by the FSSB Terminology Task Group and has been approved by the FSSB. The FSSB recommends that subcommittees use OSAC Preferred Terms when drafting standards.
The OSAC Lexicon should be the primary resource for terminology and used when drafting and editing forensic science standards and other OSAC work products.
The International Commission on Illumination. The color space that they defined iscalled CIELab. They have also developed a metric for color distance called E1976(Delta E) with 1976 indicating the version of the formula. They have developed moredetailed and precise distance metrics in later years. For more information, seehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_difference.
A liquid used for fueling non-disposable cigarette lighters. A petroleum product usually in the light range.
The Criminal Justice Information Services Division of the FBI.
See enhancement.
See enhance.
The value of resolution (scanning or nominal) used to name (or identify) an acquisitionprocess or image, where the resolution is within a specified tolerance around that value.Example: A scanner is referred to as 500 ppi (class resolution) if the native scanningresolution is within 1% (5 ppi).
A form of learning in which the pairing of a previously neutral stimulus with a stimulus that elicits a response results in that neutral stimulus producing a similar response
The systematic arrangement of hairs into categories (for example, human, animal, somatic origin, ancestry) based on shared traits.
the systematic arrangement of hairs into categories (for example, human, animal, somatic origin, ancestry) based on shared traits.
A distinct and visible fire effect generally apparent on noncombustible surfaces after combustible layer(s) (such as soot, paint, and paper) have been burned away.
To the extent possible, a limited particulate environment. DISCUSSIONFor example, requirements would follow ISO 5 or Class 100 standard for air quality.
In computer forensics, to overwrite storage space on a medium with non-sensitive data, which may include overwriting not only the logical storage location of files, but may include all addressable locations
In computer forensics, to overwrite storage space on a medium with non-sensitive data, which may include overwriting not only the logical storage location of files, but may include all addressable locations.
In computer forensics, a group of contiguous sectors on storage media, typically the smallest unit of allocation in a filesystem
In computer forensics, a group of contiguous sectors on storage media, typically the smallest unit of allocation in a filesystem.
A generic term for paint, lacquer, enamel, or other liquid or liquifiable material which is converted to a solid, protective, decorative, or combination thereof, film after application.
A generic term for paint, lacquer, enamel, or other liquid or liquefiable material that is converted to a solid, protective, or decorative film or a combination of these types of films after application
A generic term for paint, lacquer, enamel, or other liquid or liquefiable material that is converted to a solid, protective, or decorative film or a combination of these types of films after application.
Illumination from the precise direction of the imaging lens (e.g. either through the lens or with abeam-splitter in front of the lens).
Either d- or l- cocaine; it should be noted that l-cocaine is the naturally occurring isomer found in the coca plant
Either d- or l- cocaine; it should be noted that l-cocaine is the naturally occurring isomer found in the coca plant.
A standard that is an extensive compilation of provisions covering broad subject matter or that is suitable for adoption into law independently of other codes and standards.
Algorithm designed to encode or decode a stream of digital audio data.
An algorithm to encode and decode digital data, typically to reduce the amount of data for transmission or storage
Coder/decoder or compressor/decompressor; An algorithm to encode and decode digital data, typically to reduce the amount of data for transmission or storage
A codec is a computer program that encodes and decodes a data signal, usually in acompressed format.
A codec format is the data structure produced by a codec.
Coercion deals with compliance induced by physical or mental pressure. Examples may include use of force, threats, or intimidation.
In image and video analysis, a process used to extract visual information from an image by human evaluation
In image and video analysis,a process used to extract visual information from an image by human evaluation.
spectral artifacts that result from elastic scattering of the tube target characteristic X-rays by the sample.
Discussion—Because no energy is lost in elastic scattering, coherent scatter peaks occur at the same energies as the tube target characteristic X-rays.
Surface topography measurement method wherein the localization of interference fringes during ascan of optical path length provides a means to determine a surface topography map.
the degree of visual difference that is evident between one soil color compared with another in close proximity.
degree of color distinction (color contrast) between colors within a soil are categorized asfaint,distinctandprominent.
See gamut
See gamut
Conversion of instrumental light measurements into psychophysical descriptions or numerical notations that can be correlated with visual evaluations of color and color differences
a usually rapid chemical process (as oxidation) that produces heat and usually light. Webster’s12
Noun - any substance that will burn, regardless of its autoignition temperature, or whether it is a solid, liquid or gas. Hawley’s11
Adjective - capable of undergoing combustion. NFPA 921, 3.3.32