OSAC Lexicon

Heat transfer to another body or within a body by direct contact.

(1) A conditioned level of ability to operate independently in different environments as developed with training. (2) The innate ability of each canine to operate independently in different environments.

A test that is specific for the presence of a body fluid, stain, or residue of interest, and reduces or eliminates false positive results.

An alert for which the presence of a trained odor/scent can be verified or corroborated. Also referred to as a 'hit', 'find' and/or 'positive response'.

Verification of search results following a deployment of a canine team(s).

A condition in which two or more examiners disagree on a suitability decision or source conclusion.

A condition in which two or more examiners disagree on a suitability decision or source conclusion.

A condition in which two or more events cause incompatible responses.

Surface topography measurement method consisting of a confocal microscope with chromaticobjective integrated with a detection device (e.g., spectrometer) whereby the surface height at asingle point is sensed by the wavelength of light reflected from the surface.

Surface topography measurement method whereby a pinhole object illuminated by the light sourceis imaged by a lens onto the surface being studied and the light is reflected back through the lens toa second pinhole placed in front of a detector and acting as a spatial filter.

Fulfillment of specified requirements.

demonstration that specified requirements (5.1) are fulfilled

Note 1 to entry: The process of conformity assessment as described in the functional approach in Annex A can have a negative outcome, i.e. demonstrating that the specified requirements are not fulfilled.

Note 2 to entry: Conformity assessment includes activities defined elsewhere in this document, such as but not limited to testing (6.2), inspection (6.3), validation (6.5), verification (6.6), certification (7.6), and accreditation (7.7).

Note 3 to entry: Conformity assessment is explained in Annex A as a series of functions. Activities contributing to any of these functions can be described as conformity assessment activities.

Note 4 to entry: This document does not include a definition of “conformity”. “Conformity” does not feature in the definition of “conformity assessment”. Nor does this document address the concept of compliance.
 

body that performs conformity assessment activities, excluding accreditation (7.7)

set of rules and procedures (5.2) that describes the objects of conformity assessment (4.2), identifies the specified requirements (5.1) and provides the methodology for performing conformity assessment (4.1)
Note 1 to entry: A conformity assessment scheme can be managed within a conformity assessment system (4.8).
Note 2 to entry: A conformity assessment scheme can be operated at an international, regional, national sub-national, or industry sector level.
Note 3 to entry: A scheme can cover all or part of the conformity assessment functions explained in Annex A.

set of rules and procedures (5.2) for the management of similar or related conformity assessment schemes (4.9)

Note 1 to entry: A conformity assessment system can be operated at an international, regional, national, sub-national, or industry sector level.

A characteristic present at birth.

A line joining two adjacent characters. (SWGDOC T01)

The union of two characters e.g., in cursive writing. (Modular Method)

A value that serves as an agreed-upon reference for comparison that is based on results of laboratories participating in the proficiency test. 

value that serves as an agreed-upon reference for comparison that is based on the results of laboratories participating in the proficiency test

A type of examination in which a reported decision or conclusion is determined that reflects the collective judgement of a group of examiners.

A type of examination in which a reported decision or conclusion is determined that reflects the collective judgment of a group of examiners.

A type of examination in which a reported decision or conclusion is determined that reflects the collective judgment of a group of examiners.

A type of examination in which a reported decision or conclusion is determined that reflects the collective judgment of a group of examiners

Consistent measures are those where repeated measurements of the same thing produce the same results. (See reliability.)

Obtaining a similar output, within an acceptable limited range of variation (as defined by the laboratory protocol and validation data), when using the same methods and procedures over time.

particles which exhibit properties that are found in pGSR and also arise from other non-firearm sources. 

Discussion—Particles within this group are produced through the operation of a variety of processes, equipment, or devices and can be found in the environment with varying levels of frequency.
 

Obtaining a similar output, within an acceptable limited range of variation (as defined by the laboratory protocol and validation data), when using the same methods and procedures over time

This is a NIEM schema that adds additional constraints and restrictions to components.A constraint schema was used in the 2008 version of the standard to add cardinalityconstraints to schemas that were automatically generated by a NIEM tool called SSGT(Subset Schema Generator Tool). The tool has been updated to directly specifycardinality constraints in the NIEM subset schema, so constraint schemas are no longerprovided. However, an implementer is permitted to define their own constraint schemato add further restrictions to the standard. An example is to only allow certain recordtypes in a transaction.

A discussion or interaction initiated by an examiner seeking guidance for the purpose of interpreting an image or comparison.

A discussion or interaction initiated by an examiner seeking guidance for the purpose of interpreting an image or comparison.

single use or limited use material which is used in the forensic process

A format that describes how the data and metadata are stored in a computer file.

Of target: any odor/scent not ordinarily part of a target odor/scent signature. Of area: any odor/scent not normally part of the context of that area.

Exogenous DNA in an extract, polymerase chain reaction, or item of evidence, which may be present before the sample is collected or introduced during collection or testing of the sample.

Exogenous DNA or other biological material in a DNA sample, PCR reaction, or item of evidence; present before the sample is collected or introduced during collection or testing of the sample

Undesirable introduction of a substance to an item at any point in the forensic process. NOTE This includes undesirable transfer of a substance within an item or between items, also referred to as cross-contamination. (ISO 21043-1)

When an odor/scent is inadvertently introduced. Contamination can include the following: contamination of a search area with a target odor/scent or contamination of a target aid with competing odor/scent.

The unintentional introduction of exogenous DNA or other biological material in a DNA sample, PCR reaction, or item of evidence; the exogenous DNA or biological material could be present before the sample is collected or introduced during collection or testing of the sample.

The unintentional introduction of exogenous materials or substances into a test sample.

The unintentional introduction of exogenous materials or substances into a test sample.

The unintentional introduction of exogenous DNA or other biological material in a DNA sample, PCR reaction, or item of evidence; the exogenous DNA or biological material could be present before the sample is collected or introduced during collection or testing of the sample.

The undesirable introduction of a substance to an item at any point in the forensic process. Note: This includes undesirable transfer of a substance within an item or between items, also referred to as cross-contamination. (ISO 21043-1)

Undesirable introduction of a substance to an item at any point in the forensic process. NOTE This includes undesirable transfer of a substance within an item or between items, also referred to as cross-contamination. (ISO 21043-1)

Exogenous DNA or other biological material in a DNA sample, PCR reaction, or item of evidence; present before the sample is collected or introduced during collection or testing of the sample.

Experiments performed to assess the risk that unintended material may be introduced into a sample from test assay components, instrumentation, the operator, or test procedures.

Existing at or occurring at the same period of time. In Record Type-11, the phrase contemporaneous capture of a voice signal indicates recording of the voice signal atthe time of the speaker vocalization.