OSAC Lexicon

(1) A particular item or object, typically one of a specified type used to present to the canine for scent discrimination. (2) Scented objects left on the track or in a search area at various intervals to which the canine is expected to indicate.

The process of locating and indicating items that contain non-specific or targeted human scent. (See evidence search.)

When a skeletal element forms a congruent joint or juncture with another element.

A non-allelic product of the DNA amplification process (e.g. stutter, non-template nucleotide addition, primer-dimer, or other non-specific product), and anomaly of the detection process (e.g. single or multichannel voltage spikes, instrument noise, or pull-up), or a by-product of primer synthesis (e.g. “dye blob”) that may be observed on an electropherogram. Some artifacts may complicate the interpretation of DNA profiles when they cannot be distinguished from the actual alleles from a particular sample.

A non-allelic product of the amplification process (e.g., stutter, non-templated nucleotide addition, or other non-specific product), an anomaly of the detection process (e.g., pull-up or spike), or a byproduct of primer synthesis (e.g., 'dye blob') that may be observed on an electropherogram; some artifacts may complicate the interpretation of DNA profiles when they cannot be distinguished from the actual allele(s) from a particular sample.

Any distortion, alteration, or information not present in the original object or image, produced by an external agent or action, or inadvertently introduced by image copying, capture, processing, compressions, transmission, display, or printing.

A non-allelic product of the amplification process (e.g., stutter, non-templated nucleotide addition, or other non-specific product), an anomaly of the detection process (e.g., single or multi-channel voltage spikes or pull-up), or a by-product of primer synthesis (e.g., dye blob) that may be observed on an electropherogram.

Distractions placed in the search area that do not occur naturally. (i.e., Proofing items such as containers, gloves that are not contaminated with human remains, uncontaminated storage containers etc.)

A stroke that rises above the height of the body of the letter formation. (SWGDOC T01)

The American National Standard Code for Information Interchange.

The American Association of Crime Lab Directors.

The width-to-height ratio of a pixel or the captured image.

A record of the assessments of the canine team, i.e., evaluations during either the training or certification to access the canine team's ability and proficiency. The assessment records may be combined with training and certification records or maintained separately. A record documenting the performance of the canine team, especially an account of an act or occurrence kept in writing or some other permanent form, i.e., digital format, which is discoverable.

An evaluation during training and/or certification process; a tool to assess canine team ability.

A voice to which an identifier has been attached. The identifier may or may not pointto the person with that voice. For instance, the voice of an unknown speaker that hasbeen previously encountered can be considered an 'assigned voice' by attaching anidentifier to it in earlier transactions.

A method for assigning individuals to predefined categories, based on a suite of characters (e.g., multilocus genotype) measured for samples from each category (e.g., potential source populations).

A signature executed by a writer while the writer’s hand, arm, or writing instrument is supported, steadied, or stabilized by another resulting in a distorted signature. (See 3.1.189 guided signature.) (SWGDOC T01)

the opinion that there is more support for the proposition that two items originated from the same source as opposed to the proposition they originated from different sources.  

An individual whose DNA on an evidentiary sample is reasonably expected or whose DNA data are used in the interpretation of evidentiary data.

An assertion, based on a decision following review, that specified requirements have been fulfilled.

A systematic and documented inspection of one's own organization used to assess documentation, activities, and objective evidence by comparing against established criteria and determining the extent those criteria are met.

The action of listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, or other organs, typically with a stethoscope, as a part of medical evaluation.

Process of assessing a level of confidence in identify or identification.

a document made or issued by or under the authority of a governmental or private organization or an individual.

The degree of correlation between the values of the same variables across different observations in the data as a function of time.

Initiation of combustion by heat but without a spark or flame.

The lowest temperature at which a combustible material ignites in air without a spark or flame.

The process or technology which accepts speech as input and determines what wasspoken.

Postmortem diagnostic medical procedure conducted by a pathologist or other specially trained medical personnel, consisting of external and internal examination of a decedent, and may include other ancillary tests.

A stimulus or training method that animal will work to avoid or terminate.

Training procedure relying on the use of unpleasant stimuli. For example, when a canine receives a correction on the leash as it is lunging for food on the floor in the work environment. Canine learns that lunging for food is an unpleasant experience.

A stimulus that an animal will work to terminate or avoid.

The process in which an animal responds to a signal to avoid unpleasant consequences. (See aversive stimulus.) Example: A canine sits on command to avoid a correction

Intentionally pairing a behavior with displeasure to develop a desired outcome. (See avoidance learning.)

The process in which an animal responds to a signal to avoid unpleasant consequences (aversive stimulus). (See avoidance conditioning.)

The pairing of displeasure with a negative behavior in order to extinct the behavior. (See 3.31 avoidance learning.)

A conflict resulting from being repelled by two undesirable goals or stimuli when there are strong pressures to choose one or the other. Often when the conflict is intense the canine will refuse to choose between the alternatives.

(See unaccustomed hand.) (SWGDOC T01)

See horizontal angle