OSAC Lexicon
The OSAC Lexicon is a compendium of forensic science terms and definitions. This terminology tool was created to help bring consistency and understanding to the way terms are used by the various forensic science. Use of the OSAC Lexicon does not replace the need to reference the original published source.
The terms and definitions in the OSAC Lexicon come from the published literature, including documentary standards and technical reports. It is continually updated with the latest work from OSAC units, as well as terms from newly published documentary standards and standards elevated to the OSAC Registry.
Gradually terms are evaluated and harmonized by the OSAC to a single term. This process results in an OSAC Preferred Term. An OSAC Preferred Term is a term, along with its definition, that has undergone review and evaluation by the FSSB Terminology Task Group and has been approved by the FSSB. The FSSB recommends that subcommittees use OSAC Preferred Terms when drafting standards.
The OSAC Lexicon should be the primary resource for terminology and used when drafting and editing forensic science standards and other OSAC work products.
In computer forensics, a partition or a collection of partitions acting as a single entity that has been formatted with a filesystem
A name, design, or pattern that is the trademark of the manufacturer that may appear on the footwear upper or on the outsole.
Descriptive term for encoding and decoding processes and procedures in which the output of the decod- ing procedure(s) is identical to the input to the encoding procedure(s).
Descriptive term for encoding and decoding processes and procedures in which the output of the decoding procedure(s) is identical to the input to the encoding procedure(s).
Descriptive term for encoding and decoding processes and procedures in which the output of the decoding procedure(s) is identical to the input to the encoding procedure(s)
Mode of operation that refers to any one of the coding processes defined in this guide in which all of the procedures are lossless.
A data reduction process that is completely reversible, such that all of the original data can be retrieved in its original form.
A data reduction process that is completely reversible, such that all of the original data can be retrieved in its original form.
Compression in which no data are lost and all data can be retrieved in their original form.
A data reduction process that is completely reversible, such that all of the original data can be retrieved in its original form
Descriptive term for encoding and decoding pro- cesses that are not lossless.
Descriptive term for encoding and decoding processes that are not lossless.
Descriptive term for encoding and decoding processes that are not lossless
A data reduction process that is not completely reversible, and some original data is irretrievably lost.
A data reduction process that is not completely reversible, and some original data is irretrievably lost.
Compression in which data are lost and cannot be retrieved in their original form.
A data reduction process that is not completely reversible, and some original data is irretrievably lost
A dichroic mirror that is coated with an IR reflective surface
A dichroic mirror that is coated with an IR reflective surface
An explosive that has a reaction velocity of less than 1000 m/sec (3000 ft/sec).
Energetic materials that function by deflagration.
Descriptive of an explosive that undergoes incomplete reaction (or detonation) of the material as designed.
A term describing a tire that has a low aspect ratio, thus a short sidewall.
A mass spectrometer limited to nominal mass resolution measurements (see nominal mass).
A slow rate of pressure rise or low-force explosion characterized by a pushing or dislodging effect on the confining structure or container and by short missile distances.
An estimate of the lowest concentration of an analyte in a sample that can be reliably differentiated from blank matrix and identified by the analytical method
An estimate of the lowest concentration of an analyte in a sample that can be reliably measured with acceptable bias and precision
An estimate of the lowest concentration of an analyte in a sample that can be reliably measuredwith acceptable bias and precision.
An estimate of the lowest concentration of an analyte in a sample that can be reliably measured with acceptable bias and precision.
An estimate of the lowest concentration of an analyte in a sample that can be reliably measured with acceptable bias and precision
The seven vertebrae between the ribs and the pelvis.
The seven vertebrae between the ribs and the pelvis.
the cavity or central canal present in many natural fibers (for example, cotton, flax, ramie, jute, hemp); its presence and structure are often useful aids in identification.
The cavity or central canal present in many natural fibers (for example, cotton, flax, ramie, jute, hemp); its presence and structure are often useful aids in identification
the gloss or shine possessed by a fiber, resulting from its reflection of light; the luster of manufactured fibers is often modified by use of a delustering pigment.
The gloss or shine possessed by a fiber, resulting from its reflection of light; the luster of manufactured fibers is often modified by use of a delustering pigment
The unit of illuminance and luminous emittance, measuring luminous flux per unit area.It is equal to one lumen per square meter
Lempel-Ziv-Welch
A companding algorithm used in North America and Japan that optimizes an analog telephone band signal while digitizing.
Media Access Control address, a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces.
The direction of the tape that runs the length of the tape.
A nominal resolution specification for a flatbed scanner based on the actual number of pixels per inch in the sensor array and the number of individual steps per inch that the stepper motor can move the sensor array. This is to be distinguished from the maximum resolution specification that is based on resampling. This is also called optical resolution.
a term that describes characteristics large enough to be perceived without magnification.
a term that describes characteristics large enough to be perceived without magnification.
The size, strength, or duration of a reward following a behavior.
the final explosive in an explosive train.
Continuing training conducted beyond the initial training of a discipline, designed to maintain a level of proficiency by ensuring the canine team's capability to perform desired tasks.
Continuing training conducted beyond the initial training of a discipline, designed to maintain a level of proficiency by ensuring the canine team's capability to perform desired tasks.
Continuing training conducted beyond the initial training of a discipline, designed to maintain a level of proficiency by ensuring the canine team's capability to perform desired tasks.
Malicious software designed to cause unexpected and frequently undesirable actions on a system (for example, viruses, worms, spyware, or Trojan horses)