OSAC Lexicon

A feature or property of a sample that does not fall within the variation exhibited by the comparison sample, considering the limitations of the sample or technique, and therefore indicates the two samples do not share a common origin.

A feature or property of a sample that does not fall within the variation exhibited by the comparison sample, considering the limitations of the sample or technique, and therefore indicates the two samples do not share a common origin. The use of this term does not imply the formal application of statistics.

Make a measurement.

Element in the optical path of a MSP system that limits the area of illumination reaching the detector focal plane

Element in the optical path of a MSP system that limits the area of illumination reaching the detector focal plane.

process of monitoring the validity of the calibrations performed

System of coordinates that represent the geometry of the measured surface.NOTE If the nominal surface is a plane (or portion of a plane), it is common to use a rectangular coordinatesystem in which the axes form a right-handed Cartesian set, the X-axis being the direction of tracing co-linearwith the mean line, the Y-axis also lying on the nominal surface, and the Z-axis being in an outward direction(from the material to the surrounding medium).

quantity value representing a measurement result^h

^{h:  Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM), International vocabulary of metrology - Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM) (Sèvres, France: International Bureau of Weights and Measures [BIPM]- JCGM 200) available at https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/guides.}

Property of a measurement result whereby the result can be related to a reference through a documented unbroken chain of calibrations, each contributing to the measurement uncertainty

Non-negative parameter char- acterizing the dispersion of the quantity values being attrib- uted to a measurand, based on the information used

A physical quantity or property which is measured.

quantity intended to be measured

Quantity intended to be measured. VIMa

The process of inspecting, identifying, and noting the properties of media

The process of inspecting, identifying, and noting the properties of media.

Objects on which data can be stored

Objects on which data can be stored.

The middle segment of the finger. The thumb does not have a medial segment.

An appointed forensic pathologist whose duty is to oversee medicolegal death investigations, perform postmortem examinations, and certify cause and manner of death. In some jurisdictions, individuals with other qualifications hold the title 'Medical Examiner', but for purposes of this document those individuals are considered medicolegal death investigators.

A person or agency charged by law with conducting death investigations for the purpose of certifying deaths.

A formal inquiry into the circumstances surrounding the death of a human being; investigative information is considered with autopsy findings and adjunctive studies (if performed) to determine the cause and manner of death.

An individual who performs medicolegal death investigations.

Medicolegal death investigation office (usually medical examiner or coroner office) within a state or district that is a jurisdictional unit and, which may have a single chief medicolegal officer.

The medicolegal investigation includes the collection of data, photographs, evidence, witness interviews, external examination of the body at the scene, and other forensic information and analysis that will contribute to the identification of decedent, determination of cause and manner of death, reconstruction of the accident or crime scene, and support the provision of survivability factors.

A subclass of ignitable liquid characterized in ASTM E1618-11as a petroleum distillate where the majority of components have a boiling range between that of octane (C8) and tridecane (C13). There will be no major components with a boiling range less than heptane (C7) or greater than tetradecane (C14).

The central portion of a hair composed of a series of discrete cells or an amorphous spongy mass

The core of the hair shaft that is composed of vacuoles and cells that can be air- or fluid-filled. DiscussionThe medulla (if present) occurs in a continuous, discontinuous, or fragmented pattern along the length of a hair and appears translucent or opaque.

the central portion of a hair composed of a series of discrete cells or an amorphous spongy mass.

the core of the hair shaft that is composed of vacuoles and cells that can be air- or fluid-filled.

Discussion—The medulla (if present) occurs in a continuous, discontinuous, or fragmented pattern along the length of a hair and appears translucent or opaque.

In computer forensics, (1) hardware used for the temporary storage of operating instructions and data while a digital device is running; (2) see random access memory

In computer forensics,(1) hardware used for the temporary storage of operating instructions and data while a digital device is running; (2) see random access memory.

In computer forensics, the modification of data by a running system during the memory acquisition process

In computer forensics, the modification of data by a running system during the memory acquisition process.

The level of awareness and response to the environment.

The level of awareness and response to the environment.

Data, frequently embedded within a file, that describes a file or directory

Data, frequently embedded within a file, that describes a file or directory.

Documentation relevant to the biometric data, but not the biometric data itself.Metadata may include both signal/sample-related and content-related information.Examples are the format of the data file, such as WAV and the scope of accreditation ofa DNA processing laboratory.

when colors are perceived to be matching despite having different spectral profiles.

Two colors that appear the same under one illumination, but different under other illumination

Two or more samples that appear to have the same color under one type of illumination but can appear dissimilar under different lighting conditions, or two or more samples that appear to be the same color under all lighting conditions, yet their reflectance/transmittance spectral curves are different

Two or more samples that appear to have the same color under one type of illumination but can appear dissimilar under different lighting conditions, or two or more samples that appear to be the same color under all lighting conditions, yet their reflectance/transmittance spectral curves are different.

A combination of procedural steps used to perform a specific technical process. The method includes the validated steps, reagents, and critical instruments needed to perform the process or portion of a process. The same method may be conducted using different equipment (automated vs manual) when appropriately validated.1

A quantitative procedure by which a known concentration of the target analyte is added to multiple aliquots of the case sample(s)

Methodology refers to the categories of methods used to perform a stage of a DNA typing technology or technologies. For example, methodologies for STR technology can include extraction, quantification, amplification, and detection.

property of a measurement result whereby the result can be related to a reference through a documented unbroken chain of comparisons, each contributing to the measurement uncertainty (see 2.4.1 of International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM) Basic and General Concepts and Associated Terms [10]).

Military Grid Reference System

a chart relating thickness, birefringence, and retardation so that any one of these variables can be determined when the other two are known.