OSAC Lexicon

The first instance in which an image is recorded onto any media that is a separate, identifiable object (for example, a digital image recorded on flash media). (SWGDOC D01)

An impression on a document(s) or other substrate(s) beneath the originating document caused by the act of writing or other dynamic actions. (ANSI/ASB Std 044)

The delivery of a naturally occurring stimulus that requires no previous experience or learning to be reinforcing. It satisfies some biological need (i.e., food, water, air, social interaction).

A cartridge case containing only a primer, without propellant or projectile.

A short polynucleotide chain, usually 18-30 bases long, which targets a specific region of the template DNA and allows a DNA polymerase to initiate synthesis of a complementary strand; two primers are required for amplification of a particular section of DNA. The primers are complementary to opposite strands and are designed to bracket the region of interest for amplification. Polymerization is initiated at the 3' end of the primer and extends in a 5 to 3 manner.

A short polynucleotide chain, usually 1830 bases long, which targets a specific region of the template DNA and allows a DNA polymerase to initiate synthesis of a complementary strand; two primers are required for amplification of a particular section of double-stranded DNA. The primers are complementary to opposite strands and are designed to bracket the region of interest for amplification. Polymerization is initiated at the 3' end of the primer and extends in a 5 to 3 manner.

A short polynucleotide chain, usually 18 - 30 bases long, which targets a specific region of the template DNA and allows a DNA polymerase to initiate synthesis of a complementary strand; two primers are required for amplification of a particular section of double-stranded DNA. The primers are complementary to opposite strands and are designed to bracket the region of interest for amplification. Polymerization is initiated at the 3’ end of the primer and extends in a 5´ to 3´ manner.

A subcategory of gunshot residue considering only chemicals generated from the priming mixture. Typically composed of very small particles containing lead, barium, and antimony, and detected using scanning electron microscopy.

Fluorescence from unincorporated PCR primers present in amplified DNA product that is detected before the sizing range in an electropherogram.

Short polynucleotide sequences which target a specific region of template DNA and allow a DNA polymerase to initiate synthesis of a complementary strand.

Person with the primary responsibility for the training program administered to an individual.

Print data includes writings, drawings, graphs, charts, photographs, images, and other material in paper or print form, including ESI that has been reproduced on paper or print media.

Output device that produces a hardcopy record of data in the form of a sequence of discrete graphics belonging to a predetermined character or image set.

Maximum area on the page to which the printer will print. (ASTM F1457)

Printing device of an ink jet or thermal printing system.

The parts of the total checkwriter impression that are not parts of the prefix which may encompass the currency type, decimal points, and commas. (SWGDOC E07)

A substance used to create an image, such as printing ink, toner, or wax.

Those components in the laser printer that together drive the laser scanner, create the image on the page, and deliver the page to the stacker.

Data collected when the subject was in a different, previous state/condition than thecurrent state of the subject. Examples are antemortem data, when postmortem dataexists or facial images of a missing person that are compared to those of the personbeing interviewed.

Autopsy requested and authorized by next of kin.

The use of biological modeling (i.e., statistical modeling informed by biological data), statistical theory, computer algorithms, and/or probability distributions to infer genotypes and/or calculate likelihood ratios

Software, or software and hardware, which utilizes a probabilistic genotyping approach to infer genotypes and/or calculate likelihood ratios

A quantified measure between zero and one indicating how probable or likely it is that an event will or has occurred. In the frequentist interpretation, probability is based on the rates at which events occur. In the Bayesian interpretation, probability reflects a degree of belief. On this scale, zero indicates impossibility and one indicates absolute certainty.

An expression of the chance that a particular event occurs. A probability may be empirically, classically, or subjectively derived.

An expression of the chance that a particular event occurs.

The probability that two individual samples would have the same multilocus genotype.

The probability that two sibling individuals selected at random from a population have the same multilocus genotype.

Probable cause exists when the facts and circumstances known to the officer would warrant a prudent person to believe a crime had been committed and the accused had committed it or that the evidence will be found in the place to be searched.

Possessing the potential to provide information that may be valuable to an investigation.

Specified way to carry out an activity or a process. 1) Procedures can be documented or not. 2) When a procedure is documented, the term written procedure or documented procedure is frequently used. The document that contains a procedure can be called a procedure document.

set of interrelated or interacting activities which transforms inputs into outputsNOTE Adapted from ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.4.1.

Set of interrelated or interacting activities which transforms inputs into outputs

Ordinate values that have been processed (e.g., trimmed, filtered, and/or interpolation applied).

Any image that has undergone enhancement, restoration, or other operation. (SWGDOC D01)

result of a processNOTE 1 Four generic product categories are noted in ISO 9000:2005:- services (e.g. transport) (see definition in 3.4);- software (e.g. computer program, dictionary); - hardware (e.g. engine, mechanical part);- processed materials (e.g. lubricant).Many products comprise elements belonging to different generic product categories. Whether the product is then calledservice, software, hardware or processed material depends on the dominant element.NOTE 2 Products include results of natural processes, such as growth of plants and formation of other naturalresources.NOTE 3 Adapted from ISO/IEC 17000:2004, definition 3.3.

Results of a process

ion formed as the product of a reaction involving a precursor ion

A change of behavior of the canine followed by a positive indication that can be confirmed by the canine handler.

See combustion products.