OSAC Lexicon
The OSAC Lexicon is a compendium of forensic science terms and definitions. This terminology tool was created to help bring consistency and understanding to the way terms are used by the various forensic science. Use of the OSAC Lexicon does not replace the need to reference the original published source.
The terms and definitions in the OSAC Lexicon come from the published literature, including documentary standards and technical reports. It is continually updated with the latest work from OSAC units, as well as terms from newly published documentary standards and standards elevated to the OSAC Registry.
Gradually terms are evaluated and harmonized by the OSAC to a single term. This process results in an OSAC Preferred Term. An OSAC Preferred Term is a term, along with its definition, that has undergone review and evaluation by the FSSB Terminology Task Group and has been approved by the FSSB. The FSSB recommends that subcommittees use OSAC Preferred Terms when drafting standards.
The OSAC Lexicon should be the primary resource for terminology and used when drafting and editing forensic science standards and other OSAC work products.
To remove the canine's reproductive organs.
Any stimulus that has no effect on behavior before conditioning.
Advanced file system with security features commonly used with theWindows and all subsequent sytems
A biometric repository managed and operated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Criminal Justice Information Services Division (CJIS) that enhances identification services by providing an incremental replacement of the former system, the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS). Considered one of the largest biometric databases in the world, NGI stores individual fingerprint records and other biometric data for criminal and civil matters. Advanced identification technology provides rapid, efficient, and accurate fingerprint processing.
NIST Fingerprint Image Quality. See www.nist.gov/itl/iad/ig/bio_quality.cfm.
The FBI's Next Generation Identification, which provides an incremental replacementof IAFIS technical capabilities, while introducing new functionality.
National Information Exchange Model. It is a partnership of US Federal agencies. It isdesigned to develop, disseminate and support enterprise-wide information exchangestandards and processes that can enable jurisdictions to effectively share criticalinformation in emergency situations, as well as support the day-to-day operations ofagencies throughout the U.S.
One of the subject-matter domains of NIEM. It was established in July 2012 to supportbiometric-related alignment of XML standards. The Biometric domain develops astandardized data model and code lists that form the foundation of the biometricsschema within NIEM. The ombudsman of the NIEM biometrics domain is the convenerof ANSI/NIST-ITL, according to its charter.
The portion of NIEM needed for a particular exchange.
National Institute of Standards and Technology
High frequency signals caused by the instrument electronics, vibrations, and environmental factors.This is often determined by measuring a flat surface (e.g., mirror) which establishes the minimumfeature height (z) that the instrument is capable of measuring. Also known as Noise Floor.
A part of a signal that is not the target signal
Variations or disturbances in brightness or color information in an image that do not arise from the scene. DiscussionSources of noise include film grain, electronic variations in the input device sensor and circuitry, and stray electromagnetic fields in the signal pathway. It frequently refers to visible artifacts in an image.
A part of a signal that is not the target signal. DISCUSSIONIn audio, image, and video signals, sources of noise can include film grain, electronic variations in the input device sensor and circuitry, and stray electromagnetic fields in the signal pathway.
Meaningless output occurring in electronic equipment; it is random electronic variation that is generated by and intrinsic to the electronic circuitry. It ultimately establishes the smallest analytical signal that can be quantitatively measured with confidence. A part of a signal that is not the target signal.
The mixed arrangement of tread block sizes used by the tire industry to reduce noise generated by tires.
Rounded or approximate value of a characterizing quantity of a measuring instrument or measuring system that provides guidance for its appropriate use. (Source: JCGM 200)
rounded or approximate value of a characterizing quantity of a measuring instrument or measuring system that provides guidance for its appropriate usei
i: Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM), International vocabulary of metrology - Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM) (Sèvres, France: International Bureau of Weights and Measures [BIPM]- JCGM 200) available from: https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/guides.
The number of horizontal and vertical pixels an imaging system or sensor is capable of capturing
The number of horizontal and vertical pixels an imaging system or sensor is capable of capturing.
The number of horizontal and vertical pixels an imaging system or sensor is capable of capturing.
The number of pixels per unit distance (ppmm or ppi) of the image. The nominalresolution may be the same as the scanning resolution for a particular image. On theother hand, the nominal resolution may be less than the scanning resolution if the scannedimage was subsampled, scaled, or interpolated down.
A pathway laid by a human subject whose scent is not associated with the scent on the article presented to the canine, or the absence of an associated scent pathway
A pathway laid by a human subject whose scent is not associated with the scent on the article presented to the canine, or the absence of an associated scent pathway
A pathway laid by a human subject whose scent is not associated with the scent on the article presented to the canine, or the absence of an associated scent pathway
A material that, in the form in which it is used and under the condition anticipated, will not ignite, burn, support combustion, or release flammable vapors when subjected to fire or heat.
A 3D Topographic measurement made using hardware that does not comply with ANSI/ASB Standard 061, Firearm and Toolmarks 3D Measurement Systems and Measurement Quality Control. The accuracy and precision of these measurements may be uncertain and untraceable.
Any tool that is not a firearm.
Any toolmark produced by a tool other than a firearm.
(1) not readily capable of burning with a flame. (2) not liable to ignite and burn when exposed to flame. Its antonym is flammable.
See miss.
A pathway laid by a human subject whose scent does not match the scent on the article presented to the canine, or the absence of a matching scent pathway.
The range of integers including zero and those greater than or equal to 1.
For purposes of this standard, it is any image or model that is other than defined as aphotographic image. A photographic image is conveyed in a Type-10 record. A nonphotographic image is conveyed in a Type-22 record. Non-photographic images caninclude (but are not limited to) such diverse items as 3D point cloud representations ofthe face, radiographs, sonograms, PET scans and 3D orthodontic models. Note that 2Diris images are handled in Type-17 records and 2D friction ridge images in Type-4,Type-13, Type-14, Type-15 and Type-19 records; they should not be included in aType-22 record.
A change of behavior of the canine followed by a positive indication which cannot be confirmed by the canine handler. This may be the result of residual scent that the canine can detect but which cannot be confirmed by technology or direct observation. A non-productive response may also be an errora false positivebut these outcomes cannot be distinguished in an operational environment.
A change of behavior of the canine followed by a positive indication which cannot be confirmed by the canine handler. This may be the result of residual scent that the canine can detect but which cannot be confirmed by technology or direct observation. A non-productive response may also be an errora false positivebut these outcomes cannot be distinguished in an operational environment.
A change of behavior of the canine followed by a positive indication which cannot be confirmed by the canine handler. This may be the result of residual odor/scent that the canine can detect but which cannot be confirmed by technology or direct observation. A non-productive response may also be an errora false positivebut these outcomes cannot be distinguished in an operational environment.
A change of behavior of the canine followed by a positive indication which cannot be confirmed by the canine handler. This may be the result of residual odor/scent that the canine can detect but which cannot be confirmed by technology or direct observation. A non-productive response may also be an errora false alertbut these outcomes cannot be distinguished in an operational environment.
A change of behavior of the canine followed by a positive indication which cannot be confirmed by the canine handler. This may be the result of residual odor/scent that the canine can detect but which cannot be confirmed by technology or direct observation. A non-productive response may also be an errora false positivebut these outcomes cannot be distinguished in an operational environment.
The analysis of specimens to determine the presence or absence of specific substances from employees that are not mandated under federal statutes.
Data from sources other than those collected from the scene of a fire or explosion incident.
A textile structure produced by bonding or interlocking of fibers, or both, accomplished by mechanical, chemical, thermal, or solvent means and combinations thereof
a textile structure produced by bonding or interlocking of fibers, or both, accomplished by mechanical, chemical, thermal, or solvent means and combinations thereof.
a subclass of aliphatic hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2, with a single unbranched chain of carbon atoms; also known as n-alkane.
a subclass of aliphatic hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2, with a single unbranched chain of carbon atoms; also known as n-alkane.
A class of ignitable liquid characterized in ASTM E1618-11 "Standard Test Method for Ignitable Liquid Residues in Extracts from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry" as comprised exclusively of normal-alkanes.
A lens designed to approximate the field of view of the human eye without magnification or reduction
A lens designed to approximate the field of view of the human eye without magnification or reduction.
A lens designed to approximate the field of view of the human eye without magnification or reduction.